Data Science | Machine Learning with Python for Researchers
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Transformer by Hand โœ๏ธ in 5 Minutes with Anna Rahn

๐Ÿ“‚ Tags: #python #ML #Transformer

https://t.iss.one/codeprogrammer โญ๏ธ
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DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

We present DeepSeek-V3, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model with 671B total parameters with 37B activated for each token. To achieve efficient inference and cost-effective training, DeepSeek-V3 adopts Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and DeepSeekMoE architectures, which were thoroughly validated in #DeepSeek V2. Furthermore, DeepSeek-V3 pioneers an auxiliary-loss-free strategy for load balancing and sets a multi-token prediction training objective for stronger performance. We pre-train DeepSeek-V3 on 14.8 trillion diverse and high-quality tokens, followed by Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning stages to fully harness its capabilities. Comprehensive evaluations reveal that DeepSeek-V3 outperforms other open-source models and achieves performance comparable to leading closed-source models. Despite its excellent performance, DeepSeek-V3 requires only 2.788M H800 GPU hours for its full training. In addition, its training process is remarkably stable. Throughout the entire training process, we did not experience any irrecoverable loss spikes or perform any rollbacks. The model checkpoints are available at https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.19437v1.pdf

Code: https://github.com/deepseek-ai/deepseek-v3

#aiagents #ai #llm #ml #machinelearning #python

https://t.iss.one/DataScienceT ๐Ÿ’š
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MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone

The recent surge of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of #AI research and industry, shedding light on a promising path toward the next AI milestone. However, significant challenges remain preventing MLLMs from being practical in real-world applications. The most notable challenge comes from the huge cost of running an MLLM with a massive number of parameters and extensive computation. As a result, most MLLMs need to be deployed on high-performing cloud servers, which greatly limits their application scopes such as mobile, offline, energy-sensitive, and privacy-protective scenarios. In this work, we present MiniCPM-V, a series of efficient #MLLMs deployable on end-side devices. By integrating the latest MLLM techniques in architecture, pretraining and alignment, the latest MiniCPM-Llama3-V 2.5 has several notable features: (1) Strong performance, outperforming GPT-4V-1106, Gemini Pro and Claude 3 on OpenCompass, a comprehensive evaluation over 11 popular benchmarks, (2) strong #OCR capability and 1.8M pixel high-resolution #image perception at any aspect ratio, (3) trustworthy behavior with low hallucination rates, (4) multilingual support for 30+ languages, and (5) efficient deployment on mobile phones. More importantly, MiniCPM-V can be viewed as a representative example of a promising trend: The model sizes for achieving usable (e.g., GPT-4V) level performance are rapidly decreasing, along with the fast growth of end-side computation capacity. This jointly shows that GPT-4V level MLLMs deployed on end devices are becoming increasingly possible, unlocking a wider spectrum of real-world AI applications in the near future.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01800v1.pdf

Codes:
https://github.com/OpenBMB/MiniCPM-o
https://github.com/openbmb/minicpm-v

Datasets: Video-MME

#MachineLearning #DeepLearning #BigData #Datascience #ML #HealthTech #DataVisualization #ArtificialInteligence #SoftwareEngineering #GenAI #deeplearning #ChatGPT #OpenAI #python #AI #keras #SQL #Statistics

https://t.iss.one/DataScienceT โค๏ธ
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Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Models

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI-o1 have demonstrated impressive long stepwise reasoning capabilities through large-scale reinforcement learning. However, their extended reasoning processes often suffer from knowledge insufficiency, leading to frequent uncertainties and potential errors. To address this limitation, we introduce \textbf{Search-o1}, a framework that enhances LRMs with an agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mechanism and a Reason-in-Documents module for refining retrieved documents. Search-o1 integrates an agentic search workflow into the reasoning process, enabling dynamic retrieval of external knowledge when LRMs encounter uncertain knowledge points. Additionally, due to the verbose nature of retrieved documents, we design a separate Reason-in-Documents module to deeply analyze the retrieved information before injecting it into the reasoning chain, minimizing noise and preserving coherent reasoning flow. Extensive experiments on complex reasoning tasks in science, mathematics, and coding, as well as six open-domain QA benchmarks, demonstrate the strong performance of Search-o1. This approach enhances the trustworthiness and applicability of LRMs in complex reasoning tasks, paving the way for more reliable and versatile intelligent systems.

paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.05366v1.pdf

Code: https://github.com/sunnynexus/search-o1

Datasets: Natural Questions - TriviaQA - MATH - HotpotQA - GPQA - Bamboogle

#Search_o1 #LargeReasoningModels #AgenticRAG #ReasonInDocuments #DynamicKnowledgeRetrieval #ComplexReasoning #ScienceMathCoding #OpenDomainQA #TrustworthyAI #IntelligentSystems #python

https://t.iss.one/DataScienceT ๐Ÿ˜ฑ
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Some people asked me about a resource for learning about Transformers.

Here's a good one I am sharing again -- it covers just about everything you need to know.

brandonrohrer.com/transformers

Amazing stuff. It's totally worth your weekend.

#Transformers #DeepLearning #NLP #AI #MachineLearning #SelfAttention #DataScience #Technology #Python #LearningResource


https://t.iss.one/CodeProgrammer
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Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agents

1 Feb 2024 ยท Xingyao Wang, Yangyi Chen, Lifan Yuan, Yizhe Zhang, Yunzhu Li, Hao Peng, Heng Ji

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, capable of performing a broad range of actions, such as invoking tools and controlling robots, show great potential in tackling real-world challenges. LLM agents are typically prompted to produce actions by generating #JSON or text in a pre-defined format, which is usually limited by constrained action space (e.g., the scope of pre-defined tools) and restricted flexibility (e.g., inability to compose multiple tools). This work proposes to use executable Python code to consolidate LLM agents' actions into a unified action space (CodeAct). Integrated with a Python interpreter, CodeAct can execute code actions and dynamically revise prior actions or emit new actions upon new observations through multi-turn interactions. Our extensive analysis of 17 LLMs on API-Bank and a newly curated benchmark shows that CodeAct outperforms widely used alternatives (up to 20% higher success rate). The encouraging performance of CodeAct motivates us to build an open-source #LLM agent that interacts with environments by executing interpretable code and collaborates with users using natural language. To this end, we collect an instruction-tuning dataset CodeActInstruct that consists of 7k multi-turn interactions using CodeAct. We show that it can be used with existing data to improve models in agent-oriented tasks without compromising their general capability. CodeActAgent, finetuned from Llama2 and Mistral, is integrated with #Python interpreter and uniquely tailored to perform sophisticated tasks (e.g., model training) using existing libraries and autonomously self-debug.


Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.01030v4.pdf

Codes:
https://github.com/epfllm/megatron-llm
https://github.com/xingyaoww/code-act

Datasets: MMLU - GSM8K - HumanEval - MATH

https://t.iss.one/DataScienceT โš ๏ธ
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NVIDIA introduces Describe Anything Model (DAM)

a new state-of-the-art model designed to generate rich, detailed descriptions for specific regions in images and videos. Users can mark these regions using points, boxes, scribbles, or masks.
DAM sets a new benchmark in multimodal understanding, with open-source code under the Apache license, a dedicated dataset, and a live demo available on Hugging Face.

Explore more below:
Paper: https://lnkd.in/dZh82xtV
Project Page: https://lnkd.in/dcv9V2ZF
GitHub Repo: https://lnkd.in/dJB9Ehtb
Hugging Face Demo: https://lnkd.in/dXDb2MWU
Review: https://t.ly/la4JD

#NVIDIA #DescribeAnything #ComputerVision #MultimodalAI #DeepLearning #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #OpenSource #HuggingFace #GenerativeAI #VisualUnderstanding #Python #AIresearch

https://t.iss.one/DataScienceT โœ…
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๐ŸŽฏ ุงุจุฏุฃ ุฑุญู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ู…ุน
#Python_Mastery_Course ๐Ÿ
ู‡ู„ ุชุฑุบุจ ุจุชุนู„ู… ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทู„ุจู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
ู‡ู„ ุชุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุŒ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุงุชุŸ
๐Ÿ“ข ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฎูุตุตุช ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ูƒ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„!
________________________________________
๐Ÿš€ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชุชุนู„ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉุŸ
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 1: ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุจุงูŠุซูˆู† (ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช โ€“ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช โ€“ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช โ€“ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏ)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 2: ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ (ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท โ€“ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช โ€“ ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 3: ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช (ู‚ูˆุงุฆู… โ€“ ู‚ูˆุงู…ูŠุณ โ€“ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช โ€“ Tuples)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 4: ุงู„ุฏูˆุงู„ (ุฅู†ุดุงุก โ€“ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช โ€“ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚ โ€“ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 5: ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช (Modules)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 6: ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ูุงุช ูˆู…ู„ูุงุช CSV
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 7: ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุกุงุช ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 8: ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ูŠุฉ (OOP)
๐Ÿ”น ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ 9: ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ:
โ€ƒโ€ƒโœ… ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช (Generators)
โ€ƒโ€ƒโœ… ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ (Iterators)
โ€ƒโ€ƒโœ… ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠู†ุงุช (Decorators)
๐Ÿ’ก ุนู†ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฆูƒ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰:
โœ”๏ธ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจู„ุบุฉ ุจุงูŠุซูˆู†
โœ”๏ธ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุจุซู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช
โœ”๏ธ ุฃุชู…ุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู

๐ŸŽฅ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ:
โ€ข ุจุซ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ Live ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุจ ุฏ. ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนู…ุงุฏ ุนุฑูู‡
โ€ข ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุณุชูุฑูุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ุชุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุงุณุจูƒ
๐Ÿ•’ ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ: 25 ุณุงุนุฉ ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
๐Ÿ“… ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ:15- 6
๐Ÿ’ฐ ุฎุตู… ู„ู„ุญุฌุฒ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑ
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๐Ÿ’ก ViT for Fashion MNIST Classification

This lesson demonstrates how to use a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) to classify an image from the Fashion MNIST dataset. ViT treats an image as a sequence of patches, similar to how language models treat sentences, making it a powerful architecture for computer vision tasks. We will use a model from the Hugging Face Hub that is already fine-tuned for this specific dataset.

from transformers import ViTImageProcessor, ViTForImageClassification
from datasets import load_dataset
import torch

# 1. Load a model fine-tuned on Fashion MNIST and its processor
model_name = "abhishek/autotrain-fashion-mnist-283834433"
processor = ViTImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = ViTForImageClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)

# 2. Load the dataset and get a sample image
dataset = load_dataset("fashion_mnist", split="test")
image = dataset[100]['image'] # Get the 100th image

# 3. Preprocess the image and prepare it for the model
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")

# 4. Perform inference to get the classification logits
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs)
logits = outputs.logits

# 5. Get the predicted class and its label
predicted_class_idx = logits.argmax(-1).item()
predicted_class = model.config.id2label[predicted_class_idx]

print(f"Image is a: {dataset[100]['label']}")
print(f"Model predicted: {predicted_class}")


Code explanation: This script uses the transformers library to load a ViT model specifically fine-tuned for Fashion MNIST classification. It then loads the dataset, selects a single sample image, and uses the model's processor to convert it into the correct input format. The model performs inference, and the script identifies the most likely class from the output logits, printing the final human-readable prediction.

#Python #MachineLearning #ViT #ComputerVision #HuggingFace

โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”
By: @DataScienceT โœจ
๐Ÿ’ก ViT for Fashion MNIST Classification

This lesson demonstrates how to use a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) to classify an image from the Fashion MNIST dataset. ViT treats an image as a sequence of patches, similar to how language models treat sentences, making it a powerful architecture for computer vision tasks. We will use a model from the Hugging Face Hub that is already fine-tuned for this specific dataset.

from transformers import ViTImageProcessor, ViTForImageClassification
from datasets import load_dataset
import torch

# 1. Load a model fine-tuned on Fashion MNIST and its processor
model_name = "abhishek/autotrain-fashion-mnist-283834433"
processor = ViTImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = ViTForImageClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)

# 2. Load the dataset and get a sample image
dataset = load_dataset("fashion_mnist", split="test")
image = dataset[100]['image'] # Get the 100th image

# 3. Preprocess the image and prepare it for the model
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")

# 4. Perform inference to get the classification logits
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs)
logits = outputs.logits

# 5. Get the predicted class and its label
predicted_class_idx = logits.argmax(-1).item()
predicted_class = model.config.id2label[predicted_class_idx]

print(f"Image is a: {dataset[100]['label']}")
print(f"Model predicted: {predicted_class}")


Code explanation: This script uses the transformers library to load a ViT model specifically fine-tuned for Fashion MNIST classification. It then loads the dataset, selects a single sample image, and uses the model's processor to convert it into the correct input format. The model performs inference, and the script identifies the most likely class from the output logits, printing the final human-readable prediction.

#Python #MachineLearning #ViT #ComputerVision #HuggingFace

โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”
By: @DataScienceT โœจ
๐Ÿค–๐Ÿง  Reflex: Build Full-Stack Web Apps in Pure Python โ€” Fast, Flexible and Powerful

๐Ÿ—“๏ธ 29 Oct 2025
๐Ÿ“š AI News & Trends

Building modern web applications has traditionally required mastering multiple languages and frameworks from JavaScript for the frontend to Python, Java or Node.js for the backend. For many developers, switching between different technologies can slow down productivity and increase complexity. Reflex eliminates that problem. It is an innovative open-source full-stack web framework that allows developers to ...

#Reflex #FullStack #WebDevelopment #Python #OpenSource #WebApps
Top 100 Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers

#DataAnalysis #InterviewQuestions #SQL #Python #Statistics #CaseStudy #DataScience

Part 1: SQL Questions (Q1-30)

#1. What is the difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP?
A:
โ€ข DELETE is a DML command that removes rows from a table based on a WHERE clause. It is slower as it logs each row deletion and can be rolled back.
โ€ข TRUNCATE is a DDL command that quickly removes all rows from a table. It is faster, cannot be rolled back, and resets table identity.
โ€ข DROP is a DDL command that removes the entire table, including its structure, data, and indexes.

#2. Select all unique departments from the employees table.
A: Use the DISTINCT keyword.

SELECT DISTINCT department
FROM employees;


#3. Find the top 5 highest-paid employees.
A: Use ORDER BY and LIMIT.

SELECT name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 5;


#4. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING?
A:
โ€ข WHERE is used to filter records before any groupings are made (i.e., it operates on individual rows).
โ€ข HAVING is used to filter groups after aggregations (GROUP BY) have been performed.

-- Find departments with more than 10 employees
SELECT department, COUNT(employee_id)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(employee_id) > 10;


#5. What are the different types of SQL joins?
A:
โ€ข (INNER) JOIN: Returns records that have matching values in both tables.
โ€ข LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the left table, and the matched records from the right table.
โ€ข RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the right table, and the matched records from the left table.
โ€ข FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records when there is a match in either the left or right table.
โ€ข SELF JOIN: A regular join, but the table is joined with itself.

#6. Write a query to find the second-highest salary.
A: Use OFFSET or a subquery.

-- Method 1: Using OFFSET
SELECT salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;

-- Method 2: Using a Subquery
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);


#7. Find duplicate emails in a customers table.
A: Group by the email column and use HAVING to find groups with a count greater than 1.

SELECT email, COUNT(email)
FROM customers
GROUP BY email
HAVING COUNT(email) > 1;


#8. What is a primary key vs. a foreign key?
A:
โ€ข A Primary Key is a constraint that uniquely identifies each record in a table. It must contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values.
โ€ข A Foreign Key is a key used to link two tables together. It is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.

#9. Explain Window Functions. Give an example.
A: Window functions perform a calculation across a set of table rows that are somehow related to the current row. Unlike aggregate functions, they do not collapse rows.

-- Rank employees by salary within each department
SELECT
name,
department,
salary,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as dept_rank
FROM employees;


#10. What is a CTE (Common Table Expression)?
A: A CTE is a temporary, named result set that you can reference within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. It helps improve readability and break down complex queries.
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