# 📚 Java Programming Language – Part 2/10: Operators & Control Flow
#Java #Programming #OOP #ControlFlow #Coding

Welcome to Part 2 of our Java series! Today we'll explore operators and control flow structures.

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## 🔹 Java Operators Overview
Java provides various operators for:
- Arithmetic calculations
- Logical decisions
- Variable assignments
- Comparisons

### 1. Arithmetic Operators

int a = 10, b = 3;
System.out.println(a + b);  // 13 (Addition)
System.out.println(a - b);  // 7 (Subtraction)
System.out.println(a * b);  // 30 (Multiplication)
System.out.println(a / b);  // 3 (Division - integer)
System.out.println(a % b);  // 1 (Modulus)
System.out.println(a++);    // 10 (Post-increment)
System.out.println(++a);    // 12 (Pre-increment)

### 2. Relational Operators

System.out.println(a == b); // false (Equal to)
System.out.println(a != b);  // true (Not equal)
System.out.println(a > b);   // true (Greater than)
System.out.println(a < b);   // false (Less than)
System.out.println(a >= b);  // true (Greater or equal)
System.out.println(a <= b);  // false (Less or equal)

### 3. Logical Operators

boolean x = true, y = false;
System.out.println(x && y);  // false (AND)
System.out.println(x || y);  // true (OR)
System.out.println(!x);      // false (NOT)

### 4. Assignment Operators

int c = 5;
c += 3;  // Equivalent to c = c + 3
c -= 2;  // Equivalent to c = c - 2
c *= 4;  // Equivalent to c = c * 4
c /= 2;  // Equivalent to c = c / 2

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## 🔹 Control Flow Statements
Control the execution flow of your program.

### 1. if-else Statements

int age = 18;
if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("Adult");
} else {
    System.out.println("Minor");
}

### 2. Ternary Operator

String result = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";
System.out.println(result);

### 3. switch-case Statement

int day = 3;
switch(day) {
    case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;
    case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;
    // ... other cases
    default:
        System.out.println("Invalid day");
}

### 4. Loops
#### while Loop

int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
    System.out.println(i);
    i++;
}

#### do-while Loop

int j = 1;
do {
    System.out.println(j);
    j++;
} while (j <= 5);

#### for Loop

for (int k = 1; k <= 5; k++) {
    System.out.println(k);
}

#### Enhanced for Loop (for-each)

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int num : numbers) {
    System.out.println(num);
}

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## 🔹 Break and Continue
Control loop execution flow.

// Break example
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) {
        break;  // Exit loop
    }
    System.out.println(i);
}

// Continue example
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i % 2 == 0) {
        continue;  // Skip even numbers
    }
    System.out.println(i);
}

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## 🔹 Practical Example: Number Guessing Game

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Random;

public class GuessingGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random rand = new Random();
        int secretNumber = rand.nextInt(100) + 1;
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int guess;
        
        do {
            System.out.print("Guess the number (1-100): ");
            guess = scanner.nextInt();
            
            if (guess < secretNumber) {
                System.out.println("Too low!");
            } else if (guess > secretNumber) {
                System.out.println("Too high!");
            }
        } while (guess != secretNumber);
        
        System.out.println("Congratulations! You guessed it!");
        scanner.close();
    }
}

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### 📌 What's Next?
In Part 3, we'll cover:
➡️ Methods and Functions
➡️ Method Overloading
➡️ Recursion

#JavaProgramming #ControlFlow #LearnToCode 🚀