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# Create a list of squares for even numbers from 0 to 9
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
print(squares)

# Output:
# [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

student_scores = {'Alice': 95, 'Bob': 87}

# Safely get a score, providing a default value if the key is missing
charlie_score = student_scores.get('Charlie', 'Not Found')
alice_score = student_scores.get('Alice', 'Not Found')

print(f"Alice: {alice_score}")
print(f"Charlie: {charlie_score}")

# Output:
# Alice: 95
# Charlie: Not Found

colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue']

for index, value in enumerate(colors):
    print(f"Index: {index}, Value: {value}")

# Output:
# Index: 0, Value: red
# Index: 1, Value: green
# Index: 2, Value: blue

def process_data(*args, **kwargs):
    print(f"Positional args (tuple): {args}")
    print(f"Keyword args (dict): {kwargs}")

process_data(1, 'hello', 3.14, user='admin', status='active')

# Output:
# Positional args (tuple): (1, 'hello', 3.14)
# Keyword args (dict): {'user': 'admin', 'status': 'active'}

print("Hello, World!")

Hello, World!

message = "I am learning Python."
print(message)

I am learning Python.

age = 30
print("My age is:", age)

My age is: 30

price = 19.99
print("The price is:", price)

The price is: 19.99

is_learning = True
print("Am I learning?", is_learning)

Am I learning? True

name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello, " + name)

What is your name? Alice
Hello, Alice

a = 10
b = 5
print(a + b)

15

# This line calculates the area of a rectangle
length = 10
width = 5
area = length * width
print("Area is:", area)

Area is: 50

age_str = input("Enter your age: ")
age_int = int(age_str)
next_year_age = age_int + 1
print("Next year you will be:", next_year_age)

Enter your age: 25
Next year you will be: 26

first_name = "John"
last_name = "Doe"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print(full_name)

John Doe

x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
print(x, y, z)

10 20 30

num = 123
text = "hello"
pi = 3.14
print(type(num))
print(type(text))
print(type(pi))

<class 'int'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'float'>

a = 15
b = 4
print("Addition:", a + b)
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)

Addition: 19
Subtraction: 11
Multiplication: 60
Division: 3.75

a = 15
b = 4
print("Floor Division:", a // b)
print("Modulus (Remainder):", a % b)

Floor Division: 3
Modulus (Remainder): 3

power = 3 ** 4  # 3 to the power of 4
print(power)

81

my_string = "Python is fun"
print(len(my_string))

13

name = "Alice"
age = 30
message = f"Hello, my name is {name} and I am {age} years old."
print(message)

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = [x * x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]
print(squares)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{index}: {fruit}")

names = ["Alice", "Bob"]
ages = [25, 30]
for name, age in zip(names, ages):
    print(f"{name} is {age} years old.")

with open("example.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello, world!\n")
    f.write("This is a test.")
# File is automatically closed here

def sum_all(*args):
    total = 0
    for num in args:
        total += num
    return total

print(sum_all(1, 2, 3))
print(sum_all(10, 20, 30, 40))

def display_info(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

display_info(name="Bob", age=40, city="New York")

from collections import defaultdict

data = [("fruit", "apple"), ("vegetable", "carrot"), ("fruit", "banana")]
categorized = defaultdict(list)
for category, item in data:
    categorized[category].append(item)
print(categorized)

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Running directly as a script.")
    print(greet("World"))
else:
    print("This module was imported.")

def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return a + b

result: int = add(5, 3)
print(result)