Emailing Oxford American handbook of clinical pharmacy .pdf

⬅️الأدوية التي يمنع إيقافها فجأة(بشكل مباشر) من قبل المريض:

🔹 الكورتيزونات
🔹 حاصرات بيتا β-blockers
🔹 مضادات الاختلاج (antiepyliptic)
🔹مرخيات العضلات
🔹أدوية الغدة الدرقية 
🔹أدوية المعدة (PPi)
🔹مضادات الاكتئاب ( مثل : SSRIs و SNRIs و TCAs )
🔹مضادات القلق
🔹المسكنات الافيونية
🔹ادوية ضغط الدم Clonidine
🔹مضادات التخثر مثل Rivaroxaban and Apixaban(factor Xa inhibitors)

⬅️بالنسبة SSRIs فقط Fluoxetine ممكن يقطعة المريض بشكل مباشر اما البقية لازم نسويلة tapering for dose over time .
⬅️مريض β-blockers ممنوع يتوقف عن علاجة بشكل مفاجئ لان لاسامح الله اذا عافه بشكل مفاجئ لو راح يموت لو ينجلط مراح تتعداه فالله يخليكم اي مريض يمشي على هاي الادوية تنبهونة ميقطعها بشكل مباشر وصحة والف سلامة.

كلمات السر الجديدة لتطبيقات (Micromedex) الشهيرة 2024 👇👇👇

🔸️ Drug Info: 7C6ven

🔸️ Interactions: vpXETY

🔸️ IV Compatibility: 4usEMN

🔸️ Pediatric: NMhGmN

🔸️ Neofax: N8XwaJ

001. Pharmacokinetics is:
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development

What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes

What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism

003. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
c. Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances

004. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)

b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)

c) Endocytosis and exocytosis

d. Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)

005. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?

a) Lipid-soluble

b) Non-ionized substances

c) Hydrophobic substances

d. Hydrophilic substances

006. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:

a. Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids

b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis

c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier

d) High reabsorption in renal tubules

007. What is implied by «active transport»?

a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion

b) Transport without energy consumption

c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation

d. Transport against concentration gradient

008. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?

a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance

b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier

c. Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration

d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze

009. The reasons determing bioavailability are:

a) Rheological parameters of blood

b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes

c. Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect

d) Glomerular filtration rate

010. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:

a) Oral

b) Transdermal

c. Rectal

d) Intraduodenal

011. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?

a) Sublingual

b. Oral

c) Intravenous

d) Intramuscular

012. What is characteristic of the oral route?

a) Fast onset of effect

b. Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function

c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver

d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory

013. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:

a. Pretty fast absorption

b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion

c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism

d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses

014. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:

a) Rectal

b) Oral

c) Sublingual

d) Inhalation.

015. Parenteral administration:

a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients

b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration

c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration.

d) Is too slow for emergency use

016. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?

a) Only water solutions can be injected

b) Oily solutions can be injected.

c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections

d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration

017. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:

a) True

b) False.