​​UniverSeg: Universal Medical Image Segmentation

Get ready for a major breakthrough in the field of medical image segmentation! Deep learning models, despite being the primary tool for medical image segmentation, have always struggled to generalize to new, unseen segmentation tasks involving different anatomies, image modalities, or labels. This has typically required researchers to spend significant time and resources on training or fine-tuning models for each new task, a process often out of reach for many clinical researchers. Enter UniverSeg, a trailblazing solution that simplifies this process by tackling unseen medical segmentation tasks without any need for additional training. Its revolutionary Cross-Block mechanism delivers accurate segmentation maps from a query image and a set of example image-label pairs, completely eliminating the need for retraining.

To make this leap, the team behind UniverSeg went the extra mile and assembled MegaMedical, an expansive collection of over 22,000 scans from 53 diverse open-access medical segmentation datasets. This wide variety of anatomies and imaging modalities provided a comprehensive training ground for UniverSeg, priming it to excel in a multitude of scenarios. The results are nothing short of phenomenal - UniverSeg substantially outperforms several related methods on unseen tasks, bringing a new era of efficiency and accessibility to medical imaging.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06131
Project link: https://universeg.csail.mit.edu/
Code link: https://github.com/JJGO/UniverSeg

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-universeg-med

#deeplearning #cv #imagesegmentation

​​Kandinsky 2.2
by Sber & AIRI

What has changed from Kandinsky 2.1

- Improved quality of image generation
- Ability to generate images with different aspect ratio
- Optimization of work with portraits to achieve photorealism
- Machine learning on an extensive dataset of 1.5b text-to-image pairs
- Generating stickers for Telegram and creating custom stickerpacks
- Drawing missing parts of a picture (inpainting).
- Creating pictures in infinite canvas mode (outpainting)
- Understanding queries in eng (Russian thу main)
- 20+ painting styles
- Mixing images
- Generating images similar to a given image
- Image styling by text description
- Possibility to change by text description separate objects or elements in images with preserving the composition of the original illustration (ControlNet)


Habr: https://habr.com/ru/companies/sberbank/articles/747446/
GH: https://github.com/ai-forever/Kandinsky-2/
Telegram-bot: https://t.iss.one/kandinsky21_bot
MLSpace: https://cloud.ru/ru/datahub/rugpt3family/kandinsky-2-2
Web-GUI for Kandinsky 2.x: https://github.com/seruva19/kubin
FusionBrain: https://fusionbrain.ai/diffusion
RUdalle: https://rudalle.ru/
Diffusers: https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/tree/main/src/diffusers/pipelines/kandinsky2_2

Practical ML Conf - The biggest offline ML conference of the year in Moscow.

- https://pmlconf.yandex.ru
- September 7, Moscow
- For speakers: offline
- For participants: offline and online (youtube)
- The conference language is Russian.

Call for propose is open https://pmlconf.yandex.ru/call_for_papers

#conference #nlp #cv #genAI #recsys #mlops #ecomm #hardware #research #offline #online

@opendatascience Open Positions Post 0

We received 8 submissions for our Talent Pool so far! There are various backgrounds from data engineers to data leads, what’s the best way to connect talents with the seekers not compromising on privacy?

We suggest that people seeking to find teammates or to hire someone may post their suggestions in comments to this post 👇🏻

​​Scaling Autoregressive Multi-Modal Models: Pretraining and Instruction Tuning

Introducing CM3Leon (pronounced “Chameleon”), a multi-modal language model that's revolutionizing the realms of text and image generation. This model, designed with a decoder-only, retrieval-augmented, and token-based structure, expands on the established CM3 multi-modal architecture. It showcases the striking benefits of scaling and diversification in instruction-style data. The most impressive part? It's the first of its kind, trained with a recipe inspired by text-only language models, including a substantial retrieval-augmented pretraining phase and a secondary multi-task supervised fine-tuning (SFT) stage. It exemplifies the power of general-purpose models, capable of both text-to-image and image-to-text generation.

CM3Leon isn't just a theoretical model, but a proven performer. Through extensive experiments, it demonstrates the effectiveness of this new approach for multi-modal models. Remarkably, it achieves state-of-the-art performance in text-to-image generation, requiring 5x less training compute than comparable methods, and achieving a zero-shot MS-COCO FID of 4.88. Post-SFT, CM3Leon exhibits an unmatched level of controllability across various tasks, ranging from language-guided image editing to image-controlled generation and segmentation.

Paper link: https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/scaling-autoregressive-multi-modal-models-pretraining-and-instruction-tuning/
Blogpost link: https://ai.meta.com/blog/generative-ai-text-images-cm3leon/

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-cm3leon

#deeplearning #cv #nlp #imagegeneration #sota #multimodal

Using Commandline To Process CSV files

- to print the first column of a CSV file: awk -F, '{print $1}' file.csv
- to print the first and third columns of a CSV file: awk -F, '{print $1 "," $3}' file.csv
- to print only the lines of a CSV file that contain a specific string: grep "string" file.csv
- to sort a CSV file based on the values in the second column: sort -t, -k2 file.csv
- to remove the first row of a CSV file (the header row): tail -n +2 file.csv
- to remove duplicates from a CSV file based on the values in the first column: awk -F, '!seen[$1]++' file.csv
- to calculate the sum of the values in the third column of a CSV file: awk -F, '{sum+=$3} END {print sum}' file.csv
- to convert a CSV file to a JSON array: jq -R -r 'split(",") | {name:.[0],age:.[1]}' file.csv
- to convert a CSV file to a SQL INSERT statement: awk -F, '{printf "INSERT INTO table VALUES (\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\");\n", $1, $2, $3}' file.csv

​​Paper Review: Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Introducing Llama 2, a cutting-edge ensemble of large language models ranging from 7 to 70 billion parameters! These models, specially fine-tuned for dialogue use cases, not only outperform existing open-source chat models but also showcase exemplary performance in safety and helpfulness. Llama 2 creators have opened the door for AI community, sharing their detailed approach to inspire further advancements in the development of responsible AI.

Project link: https://ai.meta.com/llama/
Model link: https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama
Paper link: https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models/

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-llama2

#deeplearning #nlp #safetyai #responsibleai

​​Retentive Network: A Successor to Transformer for Large Language Models

The Retentive Network (RetNet) has been proposed as a game-changing foundation architecture for large language models. RetNet uniquely combines training parallelism, low-cost inference, and impressive performance into one sleek package. It ingeniously draws a theoretical connection between recurrence and attention, opening new avenues in AI exploration. The introduction of the retention mechanism for sequence modeling further enhances this innovation, featuring not one, not two, but three computation paradigms - parallel, recurrent, and chunkwise recurrent!

Specifically, the parallel representation provides the horsepower for training parallelism, while the recurrent representation supercharges low-cost O(1) inference, enhancing decoding throughput, latency, and GPU memory without compromising performance. For long-sequence modeling, the chunkwise recurrent representation is the ace up RetNet's sleeve, enabling efficient handling with linear complexity. Each chunk is encoded in parallel while also recurrently summarizing the chunks, which is nothing short of revolutionary. Based on experimental results in language modeling, RetNet delivers strong scaling results, parallel training, low-cost deployment, and efficient inference. All these groundbreaking features position RetNet as a formidable successor to the Transformer for large language models.

Code link: https://github.com/microsoft/unilm
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.08621

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-retnet

#deeplearning #nlp #llm

​​Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learning

The landscape of multimodal learning is about to witness a remarkable transformation with the introduction of Meta-Transformer, a state-of-the-art framework that's poised to overcome long-standing challenges in the field. The beauty of Meta-Transformer lies in its unique ability to process and understand information from a diverse range of modalities - from natural language, 2D images, 3D point clouds, to audio, video, time series, and tabular data. This ability stems from its innovative design that leverages a frozen encoder to map raw input data from these diverse modalities into a shared token space, eliminating the need for paired multimodal training data.

More than just a theoretical achievement, the Meta-Transformer has proven its practical application across various benchmarks, handling an impressive range of tasks from fundamental perception such as text, image, and audio processing, to more complex applications like X-Ray, infrared, and hyperspectral data interpretation, as well as data mining tasks involving graph, tabular, and time-series data.

Code link: https://github.com/invictus717/MetaTransformer
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10802

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-meta-transformer

#deeplearning #nlp #transformer #cv

An interesting theoretical result on gradient descent complexity. I missed it before.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/computer-scientists-discover-limits-of-major-research-algorithm-20210817/

The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS

https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01929

​​TabR: Unlocking the Power of Retrieval-Augmented Tabular Deep Learning

The deep learning arena is abuzz with the rise of models designed for tabular data problems, challenging the traditional dominance of gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT) algorithms. Among these, retrieval-augmented tabular DL models, which gather relevant training data like nearest neighbors for better prediction, are gaining traction. However, these novel models have only shown marginal benefits over properly tuned retrieval-free baselines, sparking a debate on the effectiveness of the retrieval-based approach.

In response to this uncertainty, this groundbreaking work presents TabR, an innovative retrieval-based tabular DL model. This breakthrough was achieved by augmenting a simple feed-forward architecture with an attention-like retrieval component. Several overlooked aspects of the attention mechanism were highlighted, leading to major performance improvements. On a set of public benchmarks, TabR stole the show, demonstrating unparalleled average performance, becoming the new state-of-the-art on numerous datasets, and even outperforming GBDT models on a recent benchmark designed to favor them.

Code link: https://github.com/yandex-research/tabular-dl-tabr
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14338

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-tabr

#deeplearning #tabular

Cost Optimisation In The Cloud – Practical Design Steps For Architects and Developers – Part 1
https://automation.baldacchino.net/cost-optimising-your-architecture-on-azure-practical-design-steps-for-builders-to-cost-optimise-your-tech-stack/

Part 2 – Infrastructure Cost Optimisation In The Cloud – Practical Design Steps For Architects and Developers
https://automation.baldacchino.net/cost-optimising-your-architecture-on-azure-practical-design-steps-for-builders-to-cost-optimise-your-tech-stack-part-2/

Part 3 – Architectural Cost Optimisation – Practical Design Steps for Architects and Developers
https://automation.baldacchino.net/part-3-architectural-cost-optimisation-practical-design-steps-for-architects-and-developers/

Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

In the paper, the authors
- survey open problems and fundamental limitations of RLHF and related methods;
- overview techniques to understand, improve, and complement RLHF in practice; and
- propose auditing and disclosure standards to improve societal oversight of RLHF systems.

​​Tracking Anything in High Quality
Visual object tracking, a cornerstone of computer vision, is being revolutionized by the ever-increasing power of perception algorithms, facilitating the unification of single/multi-object and box/mask-based tracking. In this thrilling technological panorama, the Segment Anything Model stands out, drawing significant attention from researchers around the globe.

HQTrack is ingeniously constructed with a video multi-object segmenter and a mask refiner. VMOS, given an object in the initial frame, works its magic by propagating object masks to the current frame. However, its initial results may not be perfect due to limited training data, but that's where the MR comes in, refining these results and significantly enhancing the tracking mask quality. HQTrack claimed an impressive second place in the prestigious Visual Object Tracking and Segmentation challenge, all without resorting to any tricks such as test-time data augmentations and model ensembles.

Code link: https://github.com/jiawen-zhu/HQTrack
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.13974

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-hqtrack

#deeplearning #objectdetection #objecttracking

An interesting theoretical result on gradient descent complexity. I missed it before.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/computer-scientists-discover-limits-of-major-research-algorithm-20210817/

The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS

https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01929

​​Skeleton-of-Thought: Large Language Models Can Do Parallel Decoding
In an effort to tackle the generation latency of large language models (LLMs), a new approach Skeleton-of-Thought (SoT) has been developed. Motivated by human thinking and writing processes, SoT guides LLMs to generate the "skeleton" of an answer first and then fills in the content in parallel. The result is a remarkable speed-up of up to 2.39x across 11 different LLMs without losing the integrity of sequential decoding.

What sets SoT apart is its potential to improve answer quality in terms of diversity and relevance, shedding light on an exciting avenue in AI. As an initial attempt at data-centric optimization for efficiency, SoT showcases the fascinating possibility of having machines that can think more like humans.

Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15337

A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-sot

#deeplearning #nlp #llm

PanGu-Coder2: Boosting Large Language Models for Code with Ranking Feedback

In this paper, the authors introduce a novel framework, namely RRTF (Rank Responses to align Test&Teacher Feedback), and present a new Code LLM, namely PanGu-Coder2. Firstly, they adopt the Evol-Instruct technique to obtain a substantial amount of high-quality natural language instruction and code solution data pairs. Then, they train the base model by ranking candidate code solutions using feedback from test cases and heurstic preferences.

Through comprehensive evaluations on HumanEval, CodeEval, and LeetCode benchmarks, PanGu-Coder2 achieves new state-of-the-art performance among billion-parameter-level Code LLMs, surpassing all of the existing ones by a large margin.