This is a foundational early work in the study of medieval military history. The book traces the evolution of European warfare from the collapse of the Roman military system through the end of the medieval period. It explains how disciplined Roman infantry formations gave way to cavalry-dominated feudal warfare, and later how infantry, firearms, and organized tactics reemerged to undermine the dominance of mounted knights. Oman compares Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European military systems, examining changes in arms, tactics, organization, sieges, and fortifications. The work emphasizes how shifts in technology, social structure, and political organization reshaped warfare, leading to the decline of feudal military traditions and the rise of more centralized, professional armies by the early modern period.

Oman, C. W. C. (1885). The art of war in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378–1515. Oxford, England: B. H. Blackwell.

Answering a public pay phone in Port Townsend, WA 1990.

Juvenal. (c. 100 CE). Satires (Satire 10). In G. G. Ramsay (Trans.), Juvenal and Persius. Heinemann.

They are proposing 20 years in prison and fines of up to $1m for Americans who boycott or speak out against Israel 🇮🇱

Define antisemitism; expand the offense of ethnic intimidation

Ohio Senate Bill 87 (2025–2026) proposes two primary changes to state law. First, it expands the offense of ethnic intimidation by elevating penalties when certain crimes, including riot and aggravated riot, are committed because of a person’s race, color, religion, or national origin. Second, it incorporates the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) working definition of antisemitism into Ohio’s civil rights statutes and directs state agencies to consider this definition when reviewing or investigating alleged discriminatory conduct. The bill states that the definition of antisemitism is not to be construed to infringe First Amendment rights or conflict with existing antidiscrimination law (🤡).

Ohio General Assembly. (2025). S.B. 87: To amend sections 2927.12 and 4112.01 and to enact section 4112.20 of the Revised Code to define antisemitism and expand ethnic intimidation (As introduced, 136th Gen. Assemb.). Ohio Legislature. https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/sb87

bwahahahaha

Multi-pronged approach. Federal overview here. The federal level is one track. Individual states and the courts are another.

Dark as night, light as day.
Kansas. By Kent Stucky.

Trump: Little league baseball and the big powerful building.