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- A NOTE on Threading in Linux -

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Regarding "threads are actually processes" in Linux:

This is referring to Linux's specific implementation detail. Most operating systems implement threads and processes as fundamentally different entities at the kernel level. But Linux takes a different approach:

In the Linux kernel, there's really only one type of execution unit - what it calls a "task"
When you create a process, you get a task
When you create a thread, you also get a task - but this task shares certain resources (like memory space, file descriptors, etc.) with the parent task
The kernel doesn't distinguish between "threads" and "processes" - it just sees tasks with different levels of resource sharing

So when you call pthread_create() to make a thread, Linux internally calls clone() (similar to fork()) but with flags that specify which resources should be shared between the parent and child tasks. A "thread" is just a task that shares most resources with its parent, while a "process" is a task that has its own separate resources.

This is why if you run ps -eLf on Linux, you'll see individual entries for each thread - because to the kernel, they're just separate tasks that happen to share memory.

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