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✅ period (.) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements thought to be complete and after many abbreviations.
📕Jane and Jack went to the market.
After an abbreviation: Her son, John Jones Jr., was born on Dec. 6, 2008.


✅ A question mark (?)
to indicate a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence.
📕When did Jane leave for the market?

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✅The exclamation point (!) is used when a person wants to express a sudden outcry or add emphasis.
Within dialogue: "Holy cow!" screamed Jane.
To emphasize a point: 
My mother-in-law's rants make me furious!

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✅Comma, Semicolon and Colon
The comma, semicolon and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a pause in a series.
📘The comma is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a sentence. Additionally, it is used in numbers, dates and letter writing after the salutation and closing.
Direct address: Thanks for all your help, John.
Separation of two complete sentences: We went to the movies, and then we went out to lunch.
Separating lists or elements within sentences: Suzi wanted the black, green, and blue dress.
Whether to add a final comma before the conjunction in a list is a matter of debate. This final comma, known as an Oxford or serial comma, is useful in a complex series of elements or phrases but is often considered unnecessary in a simple series such as in the example above. It usually comes down to a style choice by the writer


✅The semicolon (;) is used to connect independent clauses. It shows a closer relationship between the clauses than a period would show.
📘John was hurt; he knew she only said it to upset him.

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✅A colon (:) has three main uses. The first is after a word introducing a quotation, an explanation, an example, or a series.
📕He was planning to study four subjects: politics, philosophy, sociology and economics.
The second is between independent clauses, when the second explains the first, similar to a semicolon:
I didn't have time to get changed: I was already late.
The third use of a colon is for emphasis:
There was one thing she loved more than any other: her dog.


✅A colon also has non-grammatical uses in time, ratio, business correspondence and references.

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✅Dash and the Hyphen
Two other common punctuation marks are the dash and hyphen. These marks are often confused with each other due to their appearance but they are very different.
A dash is used to separate words into statements. There are two common types of dashes: en dash and em dash.
En dash: Slightly wider than a hyphen, the en dash is a symbol (-) that is used in writing or printing to indicate a range or connections and differentiations, such as 1880-1945 or Princeton-New York trains.
Em dash: Twice as long as the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or colon to enhance readability or emphasize the conclusion of a sentence. For example, She gave him her answer - No!
Whether you put spaces around the em dash or not is a style choice. Just be consistent.

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✅A hyphen is used to join two or more words together into a compound term and is not separated by spaces. For example, part-time, back-to-back, well-known.



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✅Traffic signs
‍ علایم رانندگی

📘road narrows
جاده باریک میشود
📕dangerous hill
تپه خطرناک
📘bumps on the road
دست انداز
📕branching of the road
انشعاب سه راهی
📘dangerous bend
پیچ خطرناک
📕slow
آهسته
📘railroad crossing
تقاطع راه آهن
📕narrow road
جاده کم عرض
📘dead end branching
سه راهی آخر جاده
📕intersection
تقاطع راه
📘dangerous bends
پیچ های خطرناک
📕height limited
ارتفاع محدود.

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#expressions
#sing