✅جملات مجهول
✅passive voice

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✅The rest of passive..👇


📕Present Perfect Noun Clause:

✅Active: People think that he has deserted his family.

✅Passive : It’s thought that he has deserted his family.

✅Passive : He is thought to have deserted his family.

📕📘Present Continuous Noun Clause:

✅Active: We think he is waiting there now.

✅Passive : It’s thought that he is waiting there now.

✅Passive : He is thought to be waiting there now.

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📕📘Past Continuous Noun Clause:

✅Active: People say he was working very hard.

✅Passive : It’s said that he was working very hard.

✅Passive : He is said to have been working very hard.

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✅ and the part of passive 👇

✅Future Tense(will or going to) Noun Clause:

📕Active: People expect that the rate of exchange will go down soon.
📘Passive , It’s expected that the rate of crime will go down soon.
📕Passive : The rate of crime is expected to go down soon.

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✅Present Passive Noun Clause:
📘Active: They say that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
📕Passive : It’s said that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
▶️Passive : A lot of electrical appliances are said to be stolen every day.

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✅Past Passive Noun Clause:
📕Active: They report that two people were killed in the explosion.
📘Passive : It’s reported that two people were killed in the explosion.
📕Passive : Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.

✅Note: Common verbs similar to “believe, say” are claim, understand, think, suppose, expect, report, acknowledge, assume, estimate, consider etc.


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✅جملات مجهول
✅passive voice




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📕📘 گرامر جملات مجهول 
(passive voice)

✅ وقتی از ساختار جملات مجهول استفاده می کنیم که یا بخواهیم تمرکز را از روی فاعل به مفعول انتقال دهیم ، و یا اینکه واقعا ندانیم چه کسی کاری را انجام داده باشد .

📕Examples ..
✅ Ali gave a pen to Ehsan.
📘 علی یک خودکار به احسان داد.

✅A pen was given to Ehsan.
( By Ali )

📕 یک خودکار به احسان داده شد. (میتونیم بگیم بوسیله علی یا حذف ش کنیم ).

✅یک نکته 👈 وقتی فاعل جمله نداشته باشیم متوجه میشویم ک این جمله مجهول است .

✅ A new element was discovered by researchers at this University .

📘یک عنصر جدید بوسیله محققان در این دانشگاه کشف شد.

📕📘 نحوه تبدیل جملات معلوم به مجهول

✅ ابتدا فاعل را از ابتدای جمله حذف می کنیم و مفعول را به جای آن می آوریم. سپس با در نظر گرفتن اینکه آیا مفعول جمله ما جمع است یا مفرد و همچنین زمان (tense) آن، یکی از فعل های to be را بکار می بریم و بعد از آن، از اسم مفعول فعل استفاده می کنیم (و در صورتی که جمله ما ادامه داشت ادامه آن را می نویسیم).

نکته: اگر فعل ما یکی از افعال بی قاعده باشد باید شکل سوم آن (یعنی past participle) را بکار ببریم،

✅ Ali ate the apple.
📕علی سیب را خورد (معلوم)

✅The apple was eaten.
📘سیب خورده شد.( مجهول )


📕 اگر ما بخواهیم انجام دهنده کار (agent) را نیز در جملات مجهول بکار ببریم باید از حرف اضافه by استفاده کنیم:

✅Maryan gave the book to Sara.
📘مریم کتاب را به سارا داد.

✅The book was given to Sara by Maryam.

📕کتاب بوسیله سارا به مریم داده شد

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✅Advanced Passive Voice:

👉It Is Said That / He Is Said To (be) Supposed To..

✅“Main clause + noun clause” can be made passive in two ways.

📕Examples 👇

✅Active:👉 People say that he lives abroad now.

✅Passive: 👉: It’s said that he lives abroad now.

✅Passive :👉 He is said to live abroad now.

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📕Present "Be":

✅Active: They say (that) the man is a thief.

✅Passive : It’s said that the man is a thief.

✅Passive : 👉The man is said to be a thief.

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📕Simple Present Noun Clause:

✅Active: We understand that he dislikes children.

✅Passive : It’s understood that he dislikes children.

✅Passive : He is understood to dislike children.

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📕Past "Be":

✅Active: They say that he was very rich in the past.

✅Passive : It’s said that he was rich in the past.

✅Passive : He is said to have been very rich in the past.

📕Simple Past Noun Clause:

✅Active: People claim that he left the country two months ago.

✅Passive : It’s claimed that he left the country two months ago.

✅Passive : He is claimed to have left the country two months ago..


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📕📘The Active & Pasive grammar.



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✅ we only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

📘Passive Form👇👇
to be + past participle

📕How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:👇

✅object of the active sentence becomes subjection
the passive sentence

✅ subject of the active sentence becomes object of the passive sentence ..

📕📘We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence.




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📕📘 Passive past progressive


❎ While my car was repairing, I had to use my bicycle.

✅ While my car was being repaired, I had to use my bicycle.



📘Note: The passive form of the past progressive tense is was/were + being + past participle.


✅When we last stayed at the hotel, some of the rooms were being renovated.


✅Water was being sprayed onto the logs to keep them wet.



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📕📘Active , pasive .




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✅ فرمول های ساخت فعل مجهول:
* حال ساده.
am/is/are+pp
مثال:
✅The files are checked every week.
📘فایل ها هرهفته چک می شوند.
قیدهایی که با این زمان می آید :

📕always/often/usually/sometimes/never/every day/on mondays, ...

📘* حال استمراری: 
am/is/are+being+pp
مثال:
✅The film is being edited now
📕فیلم الان دارد تدوین می شود.

قیدها: 
📘now/at present/at the moment/...

📕*گذشته ساده
📘was/were+pp. ‌

✅Printing was invented many years ago.

📘چاپ سال ها پیش اختراع شد.

قیدها:
📕yesterday/last week/two years ago/ ...

📘* گذشته استمراری
📕was/were+being +pp
مثال:
✅The restaurant was being closed when I arrived .

📘وقتی رسیدم رستوران داشت بسته می شد.

قیدها:
📕yesterday/last week/ ...

📘*حال کامل(ماضی نقلی)
📕have/has been + pp
مثال: 
✅The house hasn't been cleaned yet.
📘خانه هنوز تمیز نشده است.

قیدها:
📕since/for 10 years/ recently/so far/already/yet

📘* گذشته کامل(ماضی بعید)
📕had been + pp
مثال:
✅The man had been killed when the police arrived.

📘وقتی پلیس رسید مرد کشته شده بود..

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📕The Simple Present passive :

✅Use the passive when the "doer" of the action is not known or not important.


✅ Active :

📕 How do they make kimbab !?
They make it with rice and vegetables.

📘 Do they eat it hot or cold !?
They eat it cold. They don't eat it hot.

📕 They carve the sculptures out of ice.



✅✅Passive :

📘 How is kimbob made !?
It's made with rice and vegetables.

📕 is it eaten hot or cold ?
It's eaten cold. It's not eaten hot.

✅ the sculptures are carved out of ice.

If the "doer" of the action is important. You can introduce it with by.

✅ the sculptures are carved by teams from all over the world




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