#13. auto
A keyword that lets the compiler automatically deduce the data type of a variable at compile-time.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    auto number = 10; // Compiler deduces int
    auto pi = 3.14;   // Compiler deduces double
    std::cout << "Type of 'number' is deduced.";
    return 0;
}

Type of 'number' is deduced.

#14. & (Address-of Operator)
Returns the memory address of a variable.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int var = 20;
    std::cout << "Memory address of var: " << &var;
    return 0;
}

Memory address of var: 0x61ff08 
(Note: Address will vary)

#15. * (Dereference Operator)
Accesses the value stored at a memory address held by a pointer.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int var = 50;
    int* ptr = &var; // ptr holds the address of var
    std::cout << "Value at address " << ptr << " is " << *ptr;
    return 0;
}

Value at address 0x61ff04 is 50
(Note: Address will vary)

---
#CPP #ControlFlow #Conditional

#16. if
Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 18;
    if (age >= 18) {
        std::cout << "You are an adult.";
    }
    return 0;
}

You are an adult.

#17. else
Executes a block of code if the condition in the if statement is false.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 16;
    if (age >= 18) {
        std::cout << "You are an adult.";
    } else {
        std::cout << "You are not an adult.";
    }
    return 0;
}

You are not an adult.

#18. else if
Specifies a new condition to test, if the first if condition is false.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int score = 85;
    if (score >= 90) {
        std::cout << "Grade: A";
    } else if (score >= 80) {
        std::cout << "Grade: B";
    } else {
        std::cout << "Grade: C";
    }
    return 0;
}

Grade: B

#19. switch / case
Selects one of many code blocks to be executed.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int day = 3;
    switch (day) {
        case 1:
            std::cout << "Monday";
            break;
        case 2:
            std::cout << "Tuesday";
            break;
        case 3:
            std::cout << "Wednesday";
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}

Wednesday

#20. break
Used to exit a switch statement or a loop.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        if (i == 5) {
            break; // Exit the loop when i is 5
        }
        std::cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

0 1 2 3 4

---
#CPP #Loops

#21. for
Executes a block of code a specified number of times.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
        std::cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

0 1 2 3 4

#22. while
Loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < 5) {
        std::cout << i << " ";
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

0 1 2 3 4