# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 1/6: Introduction to GUI Programming
#PyQt5 #Python #GUI #BeginnerFriendly #Qt

Welcome to Part 1 of our comprehensive PyQt5 series! This lesson will introduce you to GUI development with Python and PyQt5, perfect for beginners.

---

## 🔹 What is PyQt5?
PyQt5 is a set of Python bindings for Qt (a powerful C++ GUI framework). It lets you create:
- Desktop applications
- Cross-platform GUIs
- Professional-looking interfaces
- Apps with databases, networking, and multimedia

Key Features:
✔️ 620+ classes
✔️ 6,000+ functions
✔️ Windows, Mac, Linux support
✔️ Open-source (GPL/commercial licenses)

---

## 🔹 Installation
Install PyQt5 and tools:

pip install PyQt5 PyQt5-tools

Verify Installation:

import PyQt5
print(PyQt5.__version__)  # Should show version like 5.15.4

---

## 🔹 Your First PyQt5 App
Let's create a simple window:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QWidget

# 1. Create the application object
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 2. Create main window
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle("My First App")
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 200)  # x, y, width, height

# 3. Add a label
label = QLabel("Hello PyQt5!", parent=window)
label.move(150, 80)  # x, y position

# 4. Show the window
window.show()

# 5. Run the application
sys.exit(app.exec_())

Code Breakdown:
1. QApplication: Manages app control flow
2. QWidget: Base class for all UI objects
3. QLabel: Displays text/images
4. exec_(): Starts the event loop

---

## 🔹 Core PyQt5 Components
### 1. Main Window Types
| Class | Purpose |
|-------|---------|
| QWidget | Basic empty window |
| QMainWindow | With menu bar, status bar, toolbars |
| QDialog | Popup dialog windows |

### 2. Common Widgets

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
    QPushButton,  # Clickable button
    QLineEdit,    # Single-line text input
    QTextEdit,    # Multi-line text area
    QCheckBox,    # Toggle option
    QRadioButton, # Exclusive choice
    QComboBox,    # Dropdown menu
    QSlider       # Value selector
)

### 3. Layout Managers

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
    QVBoxLayout,  # Vertical arrangement
    QHBoxLayout,  # Horizontal arrangement
    QGridLayout   # Grid arrangement
)

---

## 🔹 Creating a Functional App
Let's build a temperature converter:

# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 2/6: Advanced Widgets & Customization
#PyQt5 #PythonGUI #AdvancedWidgets #QSS #SignalsSlots

Welcome to Part 2 of our PyQt5 series! This in-depth lesson covers advanced widgets, custom styling, multi-window applications, and professional patterns.

---

## 🔹 Advanced Widgets Overview
### 1. Tabbed Interfaces (QTabWidget)

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTabWidget, QTextEdit, QWidget

class TabDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        tabs = QTabWidget()
        
        # Tab 1: Text Editor
        tab1 = QWidget()
        text_edit = QTextEdit()
        tab1_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        tab1_layout.addWidget(text_edit)
        tab1.setLayout(tab1_layout)
        
        # Tab 2: Settings
        tab2 = QWidget()
        tab2_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        tab2_layout.addWidget(QLabel("Settings Panel"))
        tab2.setLayout(tab2_layout)
        
        tabs.addTab(tab1, "Editor")
        tabs.addTab(tab2, "Settings")
        
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        main_layout.addWidget(tabs)
        self.setLayout(main_layout)

### 2. Tree Widget (QTreeWidget)

def setup_file_tree(self):
    tree = QTreeWidget()
    tree.setHeaderLabels(["Name", "Size", "Type"])
    
    # Add parent items
    root = QTreeWidgetItem(tree)
    root.setText(0, "Project Root")
    
    # Add children
    for file in ["main.py", "config.ini", "README.md"]:
        child = QTreeWidgetItem(root)
        child.setText(0, file)
        child.setText(1, "10 KB")
        child.setText(2, "Python" if file.endswith(".py") else "Text")
    
    tree.expandAll()
    return tree

### 3. Table Widget (QTableWidget)

def setup_data_table(self):
    table = QTableWidget(5, 3)  # Rows, columns
    table.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(["ID", "Name", "Status"])
    
    sample_data = [
        [101, "Product A", "Active"],
        [102, "Product B", "Inactive"],
        [103, "Product C", "Pending"]
    ]
    
    for row, data in enumerate(sample_data):
        for col, text in enumerate(data):
            item = QTableWidgetItem(str(text))
            table.setItem(row, col, item)
    
    table.resizeColumnsToContents()
    return table

---

## 🔹 Custom Signals & Slots
### 1. Creating Custom Signals

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject

class Worker(QObject):
    progress_changed = pyqtSignal(int)
    task_completed = pyqtSignal(str)
    
    def run_task(self):
        for i in range(1, 101):
            time.sleep(0.05)
            self.progress_changed.emit(i)
        self.task_completed.emit("Task finished!")

### 2. Advanced Signal-Slot Connections

# Multiple signals to single slot
button1.clicked.connect(self.handle_click)
button2.clicked.connect(self.handle_click)

# Signal with arguments
self.worker.progress_changed.connect(self.update_progress_bar)

# Lambda slots
button.clicked.connect(lambda: self.process_data(param1, param2))

# Slot decorator
@pyqtSlot()
def on_button_click(self):
    print("Button clicked!")

---

## 🔹 Styling with Qt Style Sheets (QSS)
### 1. Basic Styling

app.setStyleSheet("""
    QPushButton {
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border: none;
        color: white;
        padding: 8px 16px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }
    QPushButton:hover {
        background-color: #45a049;
    }
    QLineEdit {
        padding: 5px;
        border: 1px solid #ccc;
        border-radius: 3px;
    }
""")

### 2. Advanced Selectors

/* Style only buttons in the toolbar */
QToolBar QPushButton {
    min-width: 80px;
}

/* Style checked checkboxes differently */
QCheckBox:checked {
    color: #0085FF;
}

/* Style odd/even table rows */
QTableView::item:alternate {
    background: #f0f0f0;
}

### 3. Dynamic Style Changes

# Change style programmatically
button.setStyleSheet("""
    QPushButton {
        background-color: red;
        font-weight: bold;
    }
""")

# Reset to default
button.setStyleSheet("")

---

## 🔹 Multi-Window Applications
### 1. Creating Secondary Windows

class SettingsWindow(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Settings")
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(QLabel("Application Settings"))
        self.setLayout(layout)

# In main window:
def show_settings(self):
    settings = SettingsWindow()
    settings.exec_()  # Modal dialog
    # OR settings.show() for non-modal

### 2. Window Communication

# Main window with signal
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    settings_changed = pyqtSignal(dict)
    
    def open_settings(self):
        dialog = SettingsDialog(self)  # Pass parent
        if dialog.exec_():
            self.settings_changed.emit(dialog.get_settings())

# Settings dialog
class SettingsDialog(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        # ... setup UI ...
    
    def get_settings(self):
        return {"theme": self.theme_combo.currentText()}

---

## 🔹 Model-View Architecture
### 1. QListView with StringListModel

model = QStringListModel()
model.setStringList(["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"])

list_view = QListView()
list_view.setModel(model)

# Add items
model.insertRow(model.rowCount())
model.setData(model.index(model.rowCount()-1), "New Item")

### 2. Custom Table Model

class CustomTableModel(QAbstractTableModel):
    def __init__(self, data):
        super().__init__()
        self._data = data
    
    def rowCount(self, parent=None):
        return len(self._data)
    
    def columnCount(self, parent=None):
        return len(self._data[0]) if self._data else 0
    
    def data(self, index, role=Qt.DisplayRole):
        if role == Qt.DisplayRole:
            return str(self._data[index.row()][index.column()])
        return None

# Usage
data = [[1, "Alice"], [2, "Bob"], [3, "Charlie"]]
model = CustomTableModel(data)
table = QTableView()
table.setModel(model)

---

## 🔹 Practical Example: Text Editor

class TextEditor(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setup_ui()
        self.setup_menu()
    
    def setup_ui(self):
        self.text_edit = QTextEdit()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.text_edit)
        
        # Status bar
        self.statusBar().showMessage("Ready")
        
        # Toolbar
        toolbar = self.addToolBar("Tools")
        save_act = QAction(QIcon("save.png"), "Save", self)
        save_act.triggered.connect(self.save_file)
        toolbar.addAction(save_act)
    
    def setup_menu(self):
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        
        # File menu
        file_menu = menubar.addMenu("File")
        
        open_act = QAction("Open", self)
        open_act.triggered.connect(self.open_file)
        file_menu.addAction(open_act)
        
        # Edit menu
        edit_menu = menubar.addMenu("Edit")
        edit_menu.addAction("Copy", self.text_edit.copy)
        edit_menu.addAction("Paste", self.text_edit.paste)
    
    def open_file(self):
        path, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()
        if path:
            with open(path, 'r') as f:
                self.text_edit.setText(f.read())
    
    def save_file(self):
        path, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName()
        if path:
            with open(path, 'w') as f:
                f.write(self.text_edit.toPlainText())

---

## 🔹 Best Practices
1. Separate UI code from business logic
2. Use models for complex data views
3. Optimize performance for large datasets
4. Localize strings for internationalization
5. Document signals and public methods

---

### 📌 What's Next?
In Part 3, we'll cover:
➡️ Dialogs & Message Boxes
➡️ File System Operations
➡️ Drag & Drop
➡️ Threading with QThread

#PyQt5 #GUIPython #ProfessionalDevelopment 🚀

Practice Exercise:
1. Create a contacts app with tree view and detail form
2. Build a styled calculator with custom buttons
3. Implement a multi-window image viewer with thumbnails

# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 3/6: Dialogs, Files & Threading
#PyQt5 #Python #Threading #FileDialogs #DragAndDrop

Welcome to Part 3 of our PyQt5 series! This comprehensive lesson dives into professional dialog handling, file operations, drag-and-drop functionality, and threading - essential for building production-grade applications.

---

## 🔹 Professional Dialog Handling
### 1. Standard Dialogs
PyQt5 provides built-in dialogs for common tasks:

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QFileDialog, QColorDialog, 
                            QFontDialog, QInputDialog, QMessageBox)

# File Dialog
file_path, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
    self, "Open File", "", "Text Files (*.txt);;All Files (*)")

# Color Dialog
color = QColorDialog.getColor()

# Font Dialog
font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()

# Input Dialog
text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, "Input", "Enter your name:")

# Message Box
reply = QMessageBox.question(
    self, "Message", "Are you sure?",
    QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)

### 2. Custom Dialog Classes
Create reusable dialog windows:

class LoginDialog(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setWindowTitle("Login")
        
        self.username = QLineEdit()
        self.password = QLineEdit()
        self.password.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.Password)
        
        buttons = QDialogButtonBox(
            QDialogButtonBox.Ok | QDialogButtonBox.Cancel)
        buttons.accepted.connect(self.accept)
        buttons.rejected.connect(self.reject)
        
        layout = QFormLayout()
        layout.addRow("Username:", self.username)
        layout.addRow("Password:", self.password)
        layout.addRow(buttons)
        
        self.setLayout(layout)
    
    def get_credentials(self):
        return (self.username.text(), self.password.text())

# Usage
dialog = LoginDialog()
if dialog.exec_():
    username, password = dialog.get_credentials()

---

## 🔹 File System Operations
### 1. File and Directory Handling

from PyQt5.QtCore import QDir, QFile, QFileInfo

# Check file existence
file_info = QFileInfo("path/to/file")
if file_info.exists():
    print("File size:", file_info.size())

# Directory operations
directory = QDir()
directory.mkdir("new_folder")
print("Current path:", directory.currentPath())

# File reading/writing
file = QFile("data.txt")
if file.open(QIODevice.ReadOnly | QIODevice.Text):
    stream = QTextStream(file)
    content = stream.readAll()
    file.close()

### 2. Monitoring File Changes

from PyQt5.QtCore import QFileSystemWatcher

class FileMonitor(QObject):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.watcher = QFileSystemWatcher()
        self.watcher.fileChanged.connect(self.on_file_changed)
    
    def add_file(self, path):
        self.watcher.addPath(path)
    
    def on_file_changed(self, path):
        print(f"File changed: {path}")

monitor = FileMonitor()
monitor.add_file("important_file.txt")

---

## 🔹 Drag and Drop
### 1. Enabling Drag-and-Drop

class DropArea(QLabel):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__("Drop files here")
        self.setAcceptDrops(True)
        self.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.setStyleSheet("border: 2px dashed #aaa;")
    
    def dragEnterEvent(self, event):
        if event.mimeData().hasUrls():
            event.acceptProposedAction()
    
    def dropEvent(self, event):
        for url in event.mimeData().urls():
            file_path = url.toLocalFile()
            print("Dropped file:", file_path)

    def show_error(self, message):
        self.thread.quit()
        QMessageBox.critical(self, "Error", message)

class FileWorker(QObject):
    progress = pyqtSignal(int)
    finished = pyqtSignal()
    error = pyqtSignal(str)
    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.files = []
    
    def set_files(self, files):
        self.files = files
    
    def process(self):
        try:
            total = len(self.files)
            for i, file in enumerate(self.files):
                # Simulate processing
                time.sleep(0.5)
                
                # Check for cancellation
                if QThread.currentThread().isInterruptionRequested():
                    break
                
                # Update progress
                self.progress.emit(int((i + 1) / total * 100))
            
            self.finished.emit()
        except Exception as e:
            self.error.emit(str(e))

---

## 🔹 Best Practices
1. Always clean up threads - Use finished signals
2. Never update UI from worker threads - Use signals
3. Validate file operations - Check permissions/existence
4. Handle drag-and-drop properly - Check MIME types
5. Make dialogs modal/non-modal appropriately - exec_() vs show()

---

### 📌 What's Next?
In Part 4, we'll cover:
➡️ Database Integration (SQLite, PostgreSQL)
➡️ Data Visualization (Charts, Graphs)
➡️ Model-View-Controller Pattern
➡️ Advanced Widget Customization

#PyQt5 #ProfessionalDevelopment #PythonGUI 🚀

Practice Exercise:
1. Build a thumbnail generator with progress reporting
2. Create a JSON config editor with file monitoring
3. Implement a thread-safe logging system for background tasks

# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 4/6: Database Integration & Data Visualization
#PyQt5 #SQL #DataViz #MVC #ProfessionalDevelopment

Welcome to Part 4 of our PyQt5 series! This comprehensive lesson covers professional database integration, data visualization, and architectural patterns for building robust desktop applications.

---

## 🔹 Database Integration with PyQt5
### 1. SQLite Connection & Setup

from PyQt5.QtSql import QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery

def setup_database():
    db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase("QSQLITE")
    db.setDatabaseName("app_data.db")
    
    if not db.open():
        QMessageBox.critical(None, "Database Error", db.lastError().text())
        return False
    
    # Create tables if they don't exist
    query = QSqlQuery()
    query.exec_("""
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS contacts (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            name TEXT NOT NULL,
            email TEXT UNIQUE,
            phone TEXT,
            created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        )
    """)
    return True

### 2. SQL Model-View Integration

from PyQt5.QtSql import QSqlTableModel

class ContactManager(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.model = QSqlTableModel()
        self.model.setTable("contacts")
        self.model.select()
        
        self.setup_ui()
    
    def setup_ui(self):
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        
        # Table View
        self.table = QTableView()
        self.table.setModel(self.model)
        self.table.setSelectionBehavior(QTableView.SelectRows)
        self.table.setEditTriggers(QTableView.DoubleClicked)
        
        # Buttons
        add_btn = QPushButton("Add Contact")
        add_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_contact)
        
        del_btn = QPushButton("Delete Selected")
        del_btn.clicked.connect(self.delete_contact)
        
        # Layout
        btn_layout = QHBoxLayout()
        btn_layout.addWidget(add_btn)
        btn_layout.addWidget(del_btn)
        
        layout.addWidget(self.table)
        layout.addLayout(btn_layout)
        self.setLayout(layout)
    
    def add_contact(self):
        name, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, "Add Contact", "Name:")
        if ok and name:
            record = self.model.record()
            record.setValue("name", name)
            self.model.insertRecord(-1, record)
            self.model.submitAll()
    
    def delete_contact(self):
        selected = self.table.selectionModel().selectedRows()
        for index in sorted(selected, reverse=True):
            self.model.removeRow(index.row())
        self.model.submitAll()

### 3. PostgreSQL Connection

def connect_postgresql():
    db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase("QPSQL")
    db.setHostName("localhost")
    db.setDatabaseName("myapp")
    db.setUserName("postgres")
    db.setPassword("password")
    db.setPort(5432)
    
    if not db.open():
        error = db.lastError()
        QMessageBox.critical(None, "Database Error", 
                           f"Code: {error.number()}\n{error.text()}")
        return False
    return True

---

## 🔹 Advanced Widget Customization
### 1. Custom Delegate for Table Views

class ProgressBarDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate):
    def paint(self, painter, option, index):
        progress = index.data(Qt.DisplayRole)
        
        # Draw background
        painter.save()
        painter.setPen(Qt.NoPen)
        painter.setBrush(QColor("#e0e0e0"))
        painter.drawRect(option.rect)
        
        # Draw progress
        if progress > 0:
            width = option.rect.width() * progress / 100
            progress_rect = QRectF(option.rect)
            progress_rect.setWidth(width)
            
            gradient = QLinearGradient(progress_rect.topLeft(), progress_rect.topRight())
            gradient.setColorAt(0, QColor("#4CAF50"))
            gradient.setColorAt(1, QColor("#2E7D32"))
            
            painter.setBrush(QBrush(gradient))
            painter.drawRect(progress_rect)
        
        # Draw text
        painter.setPen(QColor("#333"))
        painter.drawText(option.rect, Qt.AlignCenter, f"{progress}%")
        painter.restore()

# Usage
table = QTableView()
table.setItemDelegateForColumn(2, ProgressBarDelegate())

### 2. Custom Widget with QPainter

class GaugeWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.value = 0
        self.min_value = 0
        self.max_value = 100
    
    def set_value(self, value):
        self.value = max(self.min_value, min(value, self.max_value))
        self.update()
    
    def paintEvent(self, event):
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
        
        # Draw background
        rect = self.rect().adjusted(5, 5, -5, -5)
        painter.setPen(QPen(QColor("#333"), 2)
        painter.setBrush(QColor("#f5f5f5"))
        painter.drawEllipse(rect)
        
        # Draw gauge
        angle = 180 * (self.value - self.min_value) / (self.max_value - self.min_value)
        span_angle = -angle * 16  # 1/16th of a degree
        
        pen = QPen(QColor("#FF5722"), 10)
        pen.setCapStyle(Qt.RoundCap)
        painter.setPen(pen)
        
        painter.drawArc(rect, 180 * 16, span_angle)
        
        # Draw text
        font = painter.font()
        font.setPointSize(20)
        painter.setFont(font)
        painter.drawText(rect, Qt.AlignCenter, f"{self.value}%")

---

## 🔹 Best Practices
1. Separate database logic from UI code
2. Use transactions for batch database operations
3. Optimize chart performance with limited data points
4. Follow MVC pattern for complex applications
5. Document custom widgets thoroughly

---

### 📌 What's Next?
In Part 5, we'll cover:
➡️ Networking & Web APIs
➡️ Multimedia Applications
➡️ Internationalization
➡️ Deployment & Packaging

#PyQt5 #Database #DataVisualization 🚀

Practice Exercise:
1. Build a sales dashboard with database-backed charts
2. Create a custom weather widget with API data
3. Implement an MVC-based inventory management system

# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 5/6: Networking, Multimedia & Internationalization
#PyQt5 #Networking #Multimedia #i18n #Deployment

Welcome to Part 5 of our PyQt5 series! This comprehensive lesson covers professional networking, multimedia handling, internationalization, and deployment strategies for production applications.

---

## 🔹 Networking with PyQt5
### 1. HTTP Requests with QNetworkAccessManager

from PyQt5.QtNetwork import QNetworkRequest, QNetworkAccessManager
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl

class ApiClient(QObject):
    response_received = pyqtSignal(str)
    error_occurred = pyqtSignal(str)

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.manager = QNetworkAccessManager()
        self.manager.finished.connect(self.handle_response)

    def fetch_data(self, url):
        request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url))
        self.manager.get(request)

    def handle_response(self, reply):
        if reply.error():
            self.error_occurred.emit(reply.errorString())
        else:
            data = reply.readAll().data().decode('utf-8')
            self.response_received.emit(data)
        reply.deleteLater()

# Usage
client = ApiClient()
client.response_received.connect(lambda data: print("Received:", data))
client.error_occurred.connect(lambda err: print("Error:", err))
client.fetch_data("https://api.example.com/data")

### 2. WebSocket Communication

from PyQt5.QtWebSockets import QWebSocket

class WebSocketClient(QObject):
    message_received = pyqtSignal(str)
    connected = pyqtSignal()
    disconnected = pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.socket = QWebSocket()
        self.socket.textMessageReceived.connect(self.message_received)
        self.socket.connected.connect(self.connected)
        self.socket.disconnected.connect(self.disconnected)

    def connect_to_server(self, url):
        self.socket.open(QUrl(url))

    def send_message(self, message):
        self.socket.sendTextMessage(message)

# Usage
ws_client = WebSocketClient()
ws_client.connect_to_server("ws://echo.websocket.org")
ws_client.iss.onessage_received.connect(print)

### 3. TCP Socket Server

from PyQt5.QtNetwork import QTcpServer, QTcpSocket

class TcpServer(QObject):
    new_connection = pyqtSignal(QTcpSocket)

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.server = QTcpServer()
        self.server.newConnection.connect(self.handle_new_connection)

    def start(self, port=12345):
        if not self.server.listen(QHostAddress.Any, port):
            print("Server error:", self.server.errorString())
            return False
        print(f"Server started on port {port}")
        return True

    def handle_new_connection(self):
        client = self.server.nextPendingConnection()
        client.readyRead.connect(lambda: self.read_data(client))
        client.disconnected.connect(client.deleteLater)
        self.new_connection.emit(client)

    def read_data(self, client):
        data = client.readAll().data().decode('utf-8')
        print("Received:", data)
        client.write(f"Echo: {data}".encode())

---

## 🔹 Practical Example: Weather App

class WeatherApp(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.api_key = "YOUR_API_KEY"
        self.setup_ui()
        self.setup_network()
    
    def setup_ui(self):
        self.setWindowTitle(self.tr("Weather App"))
        
        # Location Input
        self.location_input = QLineEdit()
        search_btn = QPushButton(self.tr("Search"))
        search_btn.clicked.connect(self.fetch_weather)
        
        # Weather Display
        self.weather_icon = QLabel()
        self.weather_icon.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        
        self.temp_label = QLabel()
        self.temp_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        font = self.temp_label.font()
        font.setPointSize(48)
        self.temp_label.setFont(font)
        
        self.details_label = QLabel()
        self.details_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        
        # Layout
        input_layout = QHBoxLayout()
        input_layout.addWidget(self.location_input)
        input_layout.addWidget(search_btn)
        
        main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        main_layout.addLayout(input_layout)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.weather_icon)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.temp_label)
        main_layout.addWidget(self.details_label)
        
        container = QWidget()
        container.setLayout(main_layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(container)
    
    def setup_network(self):
        self.manager = QNetworkAccessManager()
        self.manager.finished.connect(self.handle_weather_response)
        
        self.icon_manager = QNetworkAccessManager()
        self.icon_manager.finished.connect(self.handle_icon_response)
    
    def fetch_weather(self):
        location = self.location_input.text()
        if not location:
            return
            
        url = f"https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={location}&appid={self.api_key}&units=metric"
        self.manager.get(QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url)))
    
    def handle_weather_response(self, reply):
        if reply.error():
            QMessageBox.warning(self, self.tr("Error"), 
                              self.tr("Failed to fetch weather data"))
            return
            
        data = json.loads(reply.readAll().data().decode('utf-8'))
        
        # Update UI
        temp = data['main']['temp']
        self.temp_label.setText(f"{temp}°C")
        
        description = data['weather'][0]['description'].capitalize()
        humidity = data['main']['humidity']
        wind = data['wind']['speed']
        self.details_label.setText(
            self.tr(f"{description}\nHumidity: {humidity}%\nWind: {wind} m/s"))
        
        # Fetch weather icon
        icon_code = data['weather'][0]['icon']
        icon_url = f"https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/{icon_code}@2x.png"
        self.icon_manager.get(QNetworkRequest(QUrl(icon_url)))
    
    def handle_icon_response(self, reply):
        if not reply.error():
            pixmap = QPixmap()
            pixmap.loadFromData(reply.readAll())
            self.weather_icon.setPixmap(pixmap.scaledToWidth(100))

---

## 🔹 Best Practices
1. Handle network errors gracefully - Always check reply.error()
2. Clean up resources - Call deleteLater() on network objects
3. Cache API responses - Reduce unnecessary network calls
4. Use QThread for intensive operations - Keep UI responsive
5. Test translations thoroughly - Verify all UI elements adapt

---

### 📌 What's Next?
In Final Part 6, we'll cover:
➡️ Advanced Architecture Patterns
➡️ Plugin Systems
➡️ Performance Optimization
➡️ Cross-Platform Considerations

#PyQt5 #Networking #Multimedia #Deployment 🚀

Practice Exercise:
1. Build a podcast player with download capability
2. Create a multilingual chat application
3. Implement an auto-updating stock ticker

# 📚 PyQt5 Tutorial - Part 6/6: Advanced Architecture & Optimization
#PyQt5 #AdvancedPatterns #PluginSystem #Performance #CrossPlatform

Welcome to the final installment of our PyQt5 series! This comprehensive lesson explores professional architectural patterns, plugin systems, performance optimization, and cross-platform development strategies.

---

## 🔹 Advanced Architectural Patterns
### 1. Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM)

from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtProperty, pyqtSignal

class ViewModel(QObject):
    data_changed = pyqtSignal()
    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._username = ""
        self._password = ""
    
    @pyqtProperty(str, notify=data_changed)
    def username(self):
        return self._username
        
    @username.setter
    def username(self, value):
        if self._username != value:
            self._username = value
            self.data_changed.emit()
    
    @pyqtProperty(str, notify=data_changed)
    def password(self):
        return self._password
        
    @password.setter
    def password(self, value):
        if self._password != value:
            self._password = value
            self.data_changed.emit()

# View binds to ViewModel properties
view_model = ViewModel()
username_edit = QLineEdit()
username_edit.textChanged.connect(view_model.setUsername)
view_model.data_changed.connect(
    lambda: username_edit.setText(view_model.username))

### 2. Dependency Injection Container

class Container:
    _instance = None
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._services = {}
        
    def register(self, name, service):
        self._services[name] = service
        
    def resolve(self, name):
        return self._services.get(name)
        
    @classmethod
    def instance(cls):
        if cls._instance is None:
            cls._instance = Container()
        return cls._instance

# Usage
container = Container.instance()
container.register('database', DatabaseService())
container.register('api', ApiClient())

# In other classes
db_service = container.resolve('database')

### 3. Event Bus Pattern

from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSignal

class EventBus(QObject):
    app_started = pyqtSignal()
    user_logged_in = pyqtSignal(str)  # username
    data_loaded = pyqtSignal(dict)
    
    _instance = None
    
    @classmethod
    def instance(cls):
        if cls._instance is None:
            cls._instance = EventBus()
        return cls._instance

# Publisher
EventBus.instance().user_logged_in.emit("john_doe")

# Subscriber
EventBus.instance().user_logged_in.connect(
    lambda username: print(f"User {username} logged in"))

---

## 🔹 Plugin System Implementation
### 1. Plugin Architecture

# Plugin Interface
class IPlugin:
    def initialize(self, app):
        raise NotImplementedError
        
    def name(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

# Main Application
class Application:
    def __init__(self):
        self.plugins = []
        
    def load_plugins(self, plugin_dir):
        for filename in os.listdir(plugin_dir):
            if filename.endswith('.py'):
                module_name = filename[:-3]
                spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
                    module_name, os.path.join(plugin_dir, filename))
                module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
                spec.loader.exec_module(module)
                
                for item in dir(module):
                    obj = getattr(module, item)
                    if (isinstance(obj, type) and 
                        issubclass(obj, IPlugin) and 
                        obj != IPlugin):
                        plugin = obj()
                        plugin.initialize(self)
                        self.plugins.append(plugin)

# Example Plugin
class WeatherPlugin(IPlugin):
    def initialize(self, app):
        self.app = app
        print(f"WeatherPlugin initialized for {app}")
        
    def name(self):
        return "Weather Plugin"

#PyQt5 #SQLite #DesktopApp #WarehouseManagement #ERP #Python

Lesson: Advanced Warehouse ERP with PyQt5, SQLite, and Reporting

This tutorial covers building a complete desktop Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application for warehouse management. It features persistent storage using SQLite, inventory control, sales and purchase invoice management, a production module, and the ability to export reports to CSV.

---

#Step 1: Database Setup (database.py)

First, we create a dedicated file to handle all database interactions. This separation of concerns is crucial for a scalable application. Create a file named database.py.

import sqlite3
import csv

DB_NAME = 'warehouse.db'

def connect():
    return sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)

def setup_database():
    conn = connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # Inventory Table: Stores raw materials and finished goods
    cursor.execute('''
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS inventory (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
            quantity INTEGER NOT NULL,
            price REAL NOT NULL
        )
    ''')
    # Invoices Table: Tracks both sales and purchases
    cursor.execute('''
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS invoices (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            type TEXT NOT NULL, -- 'SALE' or 'PURCHASE'
            party_name TEXT, -- Customer or Supplier Name
            date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        )
    ''')
    # Invoice Items Table: Links items from inventory to an invoice
    cursor.execute('''
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS invoice_items (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            invoice_id INTEGER,
            item_id INTEGER,
            quantity INTEGER NOT NULL,
            price_per_unit REAL NOT NULL,
            FOREIGN KEY (invoice_id) REFERENCES invoices (id),
            FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES inventory (id)
        )
    ''')
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

def get_inventory():
    conn = connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT id, name, quantity, price FROM inventory ORDER BY name")
    items = cursor.fetchall()
    conn.close()
    return items

def add_inventory_item(name, quantity, price):
    conn = connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    try:
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO inventory (name, quantity, price) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (name, quantity, price))
        conn.commit()
    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
        # Item with this name already exists
        return False
    finally:
        conn.close()
    return True

def update_item_quantity(item_id, change_in_quantity):
    conn = connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE inventory SET quantity = quantity + ? WHERE id = ?", (change_in_quantity, item_id))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    
def find_item_by_name(name):
    conn = connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE name = ?", (name,))
    item = cursor.fetchone()
    conn.close()
    return item

# Add more functions here for invoices, etc. as we build the app.

# Hashtags: #SQLite #DatabaseDesign #DataPersistence #Python

---

#Step 2: Main Application Shell and Inventory Tab

Now, create the main application file, main.py. We'll build the window, tabs, and fully implement the Inventory tab, which will read from and write to our SQLite database.

import sys
import csv
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import database as db # Import our database module

class WarehouseApp(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Warehouse ERP System")
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 1000, 700)
        db.setup_database() # Ensure tables are created

        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.tabs)
        
        # Create tabs
        self.inventory_tab = QWidget()
        self.purchase_tab = QWidget() # Incoming
        self.sales_tab = QWidget()    # Outgoing
        self.production_tab = QWidget()
        self.reports_tab = QWidget()

        self.tabs.addTab(self.inventory_tab, "Inventory")
        # Add other tabs later...

        self.setup_inventory_ui()
        self.load_inventory_data()

    def setup_inventory_ui(self):
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        # Table view
        self.inventory_table = QTableWidget()
        self.inventory_table.setColumnCount(4)
        self.inventory_table.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['ID', 'Name', 'Quantity', 'Price'])
        self.inventory_table.setEditTriggers(QAbstractItemView.NoEditTriggers)
        layout.addWidget(self.inventory_table)
        
        # Form for adding new items
        form = QFormLayout()
        self.item_name = QLineEdit()
        self.item_qty = QSpinBox()
        self.item_qty.setRange(0, 99999)
        self.item_price = QLineEdit()
        form.addRow("Name:", self.item_name)
        form.addRow("Quantity:", self.item_qty)
        form.addRow("Price:", self.item_price)
        add_btn = QPushButton("Add New Item")
        add_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_item)
        layout.addLayout(form)
        layout.addWidget(add_btn)
        
        self.inventory_tab.setLayout(layout)

    def load_inventory_data(self):
        items = db.get_inventory()
        self.inventory_table.setRowCount(len(items))
        for row_num, row_data in enumerate(items):
            for col_num, data in enumerate(row_data):
                self.inventory_table.setItem(row_num, col_num, QTableWidgetItem(str(data)))

    def add_item(self):
        name = self.item_name.text()
        qty = self.item_qty.value()
        price = float(self.item_price.text())
        if not name:
            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Input Error", "Item name cannot be empty.")
            return
        if db.add_inventory_item(name, qty, price):
            self.load_inventory_data() # Refresh table
            self.item_name.clear()
            self.item_qty.setValue(0)
            self.item_price.clear()
        else:
            QMessageBox.warning(self, "DB Error", f"Item '{name}' already exists.")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = WarehouseApp()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

# Hashtags: #PyQt5 #GUI #CRUD #InventoryManagement

---

#Step 3: Purchase (Incoming) and Sales (Outgoing) Tabs

We'll manage invoices. A purchase increases stock, and a sale decreases it. We need to add functions to database.py first, then build the UI.

Add to database.py: