Topic: Python Exception Handling — Managing Errors Gracefully

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Why Handle Exceptions?

• To prevent your program from crashing unexpectedly.

• To provide meaningful error messages or recovery actions.

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Basic Try-Except Block

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")

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Catching Multiple Exceptions

try:
    x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    result = 10 / x
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as e:
    print(f"Error occurred: {e}")

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Using Else and Finally

• else block runs if no exceptions occur.

• finally block always runs, used for cleanup.

try:
    file = open("data.txt", "r")
    data = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("File not found.")
else:
    print("File read successfully.")
finally:
    file.close()

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Raising Exceptions

• You can raise exceptions manually using raise.

def check_age(age):
    if age < 0:
        raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative.")

check_age(-1)

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Custom Exceptions

• Create your own exception classes by inheriting from Exception.

class MyError(Exception):
    pass

def do_something():
    raise MyError("Something went wrong!")

try:
    do_something()
except MyError as e:
    print(e)

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Summary

• Use try-except to catch and handle errors.

• Use else and finally for additional control.

• Raise exceptions to signal errors.

• Define custom exceptions for specific needs.

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