Topic: PHP Basics – Part 2 of 10: Data Types and Operators

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1. PHP Data Types

PHP supports multiple data types. The most common include:

• String – A sequence of characters.

$name = "Ali";

• Integer – Whole numbers.

$age = 30;

• Float (Double) – Decimal numbers.

$price = 19.99;

• Boolean – true or false.

$is_active = true;

• Array – Collection of values.

$colors = array("red", "green", "blue");

• Object, NULL, Resource – Used in advanced scenarios.

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2. Type Checking Functions

var_dump($variable); // Displays type and value
is_string($name);    // Returns true if $name is a string
is_array($colors);   // Returns true if $colors is an array

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3. PHP Operators

• Arithmetic Operators

$a = 10;
$b = 3;
echo $a + $b;  // Addition
echo $a - $b;  // Subtraction
echo $a * $b;  // Multiplication
echo $a / $b;  // Division
echo $a % $b;  // Modulus

• Assignment Operators

$x = 5;
$x += 3; // same as $x = $x + 3

• Comparison Operators

$a == $b  // Equal
$a === $b // Identical (value + type)
$a != $b  // Not equal
$a > $b   // Greater than

• Logical Operators

($a > 0 && $b > 0) // AND
($a > 0 || $b > 0) // OR
!$a               // NOT

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4. String Concatenation

• Use the dot (.) operator to join strings.

$first = "Hello";
$second = "World";
echo $first . " " . $second;

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5. Summary

• PHP supports multiple data types and a wide variety of operators.

• You can check and manipulate data types easily using built-in functions.

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Exercise

• Create two variables: one string and one number. Perform arithmetic and string concatenation, and print the results.

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