- bits are appended to the original input to make it compatible with the hash function. - total bits must always be 64 bits of any multiple of 512 - the first bit added is '1', and the rest are all…

Ever wondered how your phone or laptop knows it’s safe to open a website? It’s called an SSL Handshake. Imagine it like a secret handshake between your browser and the website, making sure no one can…

Hey there! Ever feel like you could use a little extra help getting things done? Like, maybe a digital buddy who can write emails, design…

When you’re entering your house, you close the door and lock it with a key. Why? Because you don’t want strangers sneaking in, right? Now imagine same scenario every time you log into your email…

When you search on Google or browse using Microsoft Edge, your browser performs a similar SSL handshake with the website’s server. This ensures that the data exchanged between your device and the…

Spectral Coherence and Geometric Reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis via Torsion-Free Vector Waves In this article, I introduce a structural and spectral approach to one of the most profound…

1. Author / Autor
Arsene
Date / Data: April 24, 2025

If you've ever typed "https" into your browser’s address bar, congratulations—you’ve already experienced an SSL Handshake in action. But what exactly is happening behind the scenes when your browser…

Growing up, I was an ordinary person living an ordinary life. I never thought that small choices could lead to big transformations. But a few years ago, I learned a lesson that changed everything for…

Have you ever wondered how your private chats stay private, how your bank app knows it’s really you, or how your online payments aren’t tampered with?. That is modern cryptography—a powerful…

علم التشفير (Cryptology) هو علم تأمين الاتصالات والبيانات باستخدام الشيفرات، بحيث لا يمكن فهم المعلومات إلا من قبل الأطراف المصرح لهم فقط. يلعب هذا العلم دورًا حيويًا في أمن المعلومات الحديثة، من…

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Mathematics is often called the queen of sciences. Everything in this world needs math to work properly. Even though many people dislike…

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Hacking Awareness Tips Protecting Yourself in a Digital World In today's increasingly digital landscape, awareness of hacking threats is crucial for individuals and businesses alike. Cybersecurity …

# 🚩 Breaking "Intern-Grade" AES-GCM: A CTF Cryptography Writeup ### **Target:** Authentification-1 (BreizhCTF / CryptoHack) ### **Category:** Cryptography / Web ### **Vulnerability:** AES-GCM …

JSZM Ghost Service has identified two independent critical vulnerabilities that remain exploitable as of May 11, 2026.