Web Development Interview Questions for Freshers
1. What happens when you type a URL in your browser and press Enter?
Answer:
DNS lookup happens to find the IP address
Browser sends an HTTP/HTTPS request to the server
Server processes and sends back HTML/CSS/JS
Browser renders the page using its rendering engine
2. What is the difference between GET and POST requests?
Answer:
GET: Sends data in the URL, used for fetching data
POST: Sends data in the body, used for submitting data securely
3. What is a responsive website?
Answer:
A responsive website adjusts layout and design based on screen size and device (mobile, tablet, desktop), usually using CSS media queries.
4. What is the role of Webpack in web development?
Answer:
Webpack bundles JavaScript files, CSS, and assets into optimized output for faster website loading and better performance.
5. What is the purpose of async and defer in script tags?
Answer:
async: Loads script asynchronously and executes it immediately
defer: Loads script asynchronously but executes after HTML is parsed
6. What is the difference between localStorage and sessionStorage?
Answer:
localStorage: Stores data with no expiration
sessionStorage: Stores data until the browser tab is closed
7. What is CORS?
Answer:
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a browser security feature that restricts cross-domain API calls unless the server allows it.
8. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?
Answer:
undefined: A variable declared but not assigned a value
null: A variable explicitly set to have no value
9. How do you optimize website performance?
Answer:
Minify CSS/JS
Compress images
Use lazy loading
Use caching
Reduce HTTP requests
Use a CDN
10. What is the DOM?
Answer:
DOM (Document Object Model) represents the structure of an HTML document as objects, which JavaScript can interact with to change content dynamically.
Credits: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z/847
1. What happens when you type a URL in your browser and press Enter?
Answer:
DNS lookup happens to find the IP address
Browser sends an HTTP/HTTPS request to the server
Server processes and sends back HTML/CSS/JS
Browser renders the page using its rendering engine
2. What is the difference between GET and POST requests?
Answer:
GET: Sends data in the URL, used for fetching data
POST: Sends data in the body, used for submitting data securely
3. What is a responsive website?
Answer:
A responsive website adjusts layout and design based on screen size and device (mobile, tablet, desktop), usually using CSS media queries.
4. What is the role of Webpack in web development?
Answer:
Webpack bundles JavaScript files, CSS, and assets into optimized output for faster website loading and better performance.
5. What is the purpose of async and defer in script tags?
Answer:
async: Loads script asynchronously and executes it immediately
defer: Loads script asynchronously but executes after HTML is parsed
6. What is the difference between localStorage and sessionStorage?
Answer:
localStorage: Stores data with no expiration
sessionStorage: Stores data until the browser tab is closed
7. What is CORS?
Answer:
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a browser security feature that restricts cross-domain API calls unless the server allows it.
8. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?
Answer:
undefined: A variable declared but not assigned a value
null: A variable explicitly set to have no value
9. How do you optimize website performance?
Answer:
Minify CSS/JS
Compress images
Use lazy loading
Use caching
Reduce HTTP requests
Use a CDN
10. What is the DOM?
Answer:
DOM (Document Object Model) represents the structure of an HTML document as objects, which JavaScript can interact with to change content dynamically.
Credits: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z/847
❤6
Web Development Interview Questions Part-2
11. What are semantic HTML elements?
Answer:
Semantic elements clearly describe their meaning in a human- and machine-readable way. Examples: <header>, <footer>, <article>, <nav>.
12. What are HTTP status codes?
Answer:
They indicate the result of an HTTP request.
Common ones:
200 OK (Success)
404 Not Found
500 Internal Server Error
401 Unauthorized
403 Forbidden
13. What is the box model in CSS?
Answer:
The box model includes:
Content
Padding
Border
Margin
It defines how space is taken up around HTML elements.
14. What are pseudo-classes in CSS?
Answer:
Pseudo-classes style elements based on their state.
Examples:
:hover (when mouse is over)
:first-child
:nth-child()
15. How do you make a website SEO-friendly?
Answer:
Use semantic HTML
Add meta tags and alt text
Mobile responsiveness
Fast loading speed
Proper URL structure
16. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous in JavaScript?
Answer:
Synchronous: Code runs line by line
Asynchronous: Tasks like API calls don't block other code; use callbacks, promises, or async/await
17. What is a promise in JavaScript?
Answer:
A Promise represents the result of an async operation.
It can be:
Pending
Fulfilled
Rejected
18. What is event bubbling and capturing in JavaScript?
Answer:
Bubbling: Event propagates from child to parent
Capturing: Event goes from parent to child
You can control it using event.stopPropagation()
19. What is a CDN?
Answer:
CDN (Content Delivery Network) delivers static files (images, CSS, JS) via servers closest to the user to improve website speed.
20. What tools do you use for version control?
Answer:
Most common: Git + GitHub
Git tracks changes in code, and GitHub helps you collaborate and manage versions.
11. What are semantic HTML elements?
Answer:
Semantic elements clearly describe their meaning in a human- and machine-readable way. Examples: <header>, <footer>, <article>, <nav>.
12. What are HTTP status codes?
Answer:
They indicate the result of an HTTP request.
Common ones:
200 OK (Success)
404 Not Found
500 Internal Server Error
401 Unauthorized
403 Forbidden
13. What is the box model in CSS?
Answer:
The box model includes:
Content
Padding
Border
Margin
It defines how space is taken up around HTML elements.
14. What are pseudo-classes in CSS?
Answer:
Pseudo-classes style elements based on their state.
Examples:
:hover (when mouse is over)
:first-child
:nth-child()
15. How do you make a website SEO-friendly?
Answer:
Use semantic HTML
Add meta tags and alt text
Mobile responsiveness
Fast loading speed
Proper URL structure
16. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous in JavaScript?
Answer:
Synchronous: Code runs line by line
Asynchronous: Tasks like API calls don't block other code; use callbacks, promises, or async/await
17. What is a promise in JavaScript?
Answer:
A Promise represents the result of an async operation.
It can be:
Pending
Fulfilled
Rejected
18. What is event bubbling and capturing in JavaScript?
Answer:
Bubbling: Event propagates from child to parent
Capturing: Event goes from parent to child
You can control it using event.stopPropagation()
19. What is a CDN?
Answer:
CDN (Content Delivery Network) delivers static files (images, CSS, JS) via servers closest to the user to improve website speed.
20. What tools do you use for version control?
Answer:
Most common: Git + GitHub
Git tracks changes in code, and GitHub helps you collaborate and manage versions.
❤5👍1
HTML Learning Roadmap: From Basics to Advanced
1. Getting Started with HTML
Introduction to HTML: Understand what HTML is and its role in web development.
Structure of an HTML Document: Learn the basic structure of an HTML document (DOCTYPE, <html>, <head>, and <body>).
Tags and Elements: Learn about HTML tags, attributes, and elements.
2. Basic HTML Tags
Headings: Use <h1> to <h6> to create headings.
Paragraphs: Use <p> for paragraphs.
Links: Create hyperlinks with <a> tag.
Lists: Understand ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>) lists.
Images: Embed images with <img>.
3. Text Formatting Tags
Bold, Italics, and Underline: Use <b>, <i>, and <u> for text styling.
Text Alignment: Use <center>, <left>, and <right>.
Paragraph Formatting: Learn how to adjust line breaks with <br> and indentation with <blockquote>.
4. HTML Forms
Form Basics: Use <form>, <input>, <textarea>, and <button> to create forms.
Input Types: Learn different input types like text, email, password, radio, checkbox, and submit.
Form Validation: Use required, minlength, maxlength, pattern attributes for validation.
5. Tables
Table Structure: Create tables using <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td>.
Table Styling: Use colspan and rowspan for table layout.
Styling with CSS: Style tables with CSS for better presentation.
6. HTML Media
Audio and Video: Embed media with <audio> and <video> tags.
Embedding Content: Use <iframe> to embed external content like YouTube videos.
7. HTML5 New Features
Semantic Elements: Learn about <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>, and <aside> for better content structure.
New Form Elements: Use new form controls like <input type="date">, <input type="range">, <datalist>.
Geolocation API: Use the geolocation API to get the user's location.
Web Storage: Learn about localStorage and sessionStorage for client-side data storage.
8. Advanced HTML Techniques
Accessibility: Implement accessibility features using ARIA roles and attributes.
Forms and Accessibility: Use labels, fieldsets, and legends for better form accessibility.
Responsive Design: Understand the role of meta tags like viewport for responsive design.
HTML Validation: Learn how to validate HTML documents using tools like W3C Validator.
9. Best Practices
Code Organization: Use indentation and comments to organize your code.
SEO Best Practices: Use <title>, <meta>, and proper heading structure for search engine optimization.
HTML Optimization: Minimize HTML size for better page loading times.
10. Projects to Build
Beginner: Create a personal webpage, portfolio, or simple blog layout.
Intermediate: Build a product landing page or event registration form.
Advanced: Develop a responsive multi-page website with forms, tables, and embedded media.
📂 Web Development Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1. Getting Started with HTML
Introduction to HTML: Understand what HTML is and its role in web development.
Structure of an HTML Document: Learn the basic structure of an HTML document (DOCTYPE, <html>, <head>, and <body>).
Tags and Elements: Learn about HTML tags, attributes, and elements.
2. Basic HTML Tags
Headings: Use <h1> to <h6> to create headings.
Paragraphs: Use <p> for paragraphs.
Links: Create hyperlinks with <a> tag.
Lists: Understand ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>) lists.
Images: Embed images with <img>.
3. Text Formatting Tags
Bold, Italics, and Underline: Use <b>, <i>, and <u> for text styling.
Text Alignment: Use <center>, <left>, and <right>.
Paragraph Formatting: Learn how to adjust line breaks with <br> and indentation with <blockquote>.
4. HTML Forms
Form Basics: Use <form>, <input>, <textarea>, and <button> to create forms.
Input Types: Learn different input types like text, email, password, radio, checkbox, and submit.
Form Validation: Use required, minlength, maxlength, pattern attributes for validation.
5. Tables
Table Structure: Create tables using <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td>.
Table Styling: Use colspan and rowspan for table layout.
Styling with CSS: Style tables with CSS for better presentation.
6. HTML Media
Audio and Video: Embed media with <audio> and <video> tags.
Embedding Content: Use <iframe> to embed external content like YouTube videos.
7. HTML5 New Features
Semantic Elements: Learn about <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>, and <aside> for better content structure.
New Form Elements: Use new form controls like <input type="date">, <input type="range">, <datalist>.
Geolocation API: Use the geolocation API to get the user's location.
Web Storage: Learn about localStorage and sessionStorage for client-side data storage.
8. Advanced HTML Techniques
Accessibility: Implement accessibility features using ARIA roles and attributes.
Forms and Accessibility: Use labels, fieldsets, and legends for better form accessibility.
Responsive Design: Understand the role of meta tags like viewport for responsive design.
HTML Validation: Learn how to validate HTML documents using tools like W3C Validator.
9. Best Practices
Code Organization: Use indentation and comments to organize your code.
SEO Best Practices: Use <title>, <meta>, and proper heading structure for search engine optimization.
HTML Optimization: Minimize HTML size for better page loading times.
10. Projects to Build
Beginner: Create a personal webpage, portfolio, or simple blog layout.
Intermediate: Build a product landing page or event registration form.
Advanced: Develop a responsive multi-page website with forms, tables, and embedded media.
📂 Web Development Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤9
React Developer Roadmap 2025:
Step 1: 🌐 Learn Web Basics
Understand the fundamentals of the internet, including how websites are hosted, the role of DNS, and basic networking concepts.
Step 2: 📄 Master JavaScript Fundamentals
Before diving into React, ensure you have a solid understanding of JavaScript, including ES6+ features, functions, objects, and asynchronous programming.
Step 3: 🛠️ Learn React Basics
Start with the basics of React, including components, props, state, and JSX. Understand how React's component-based architecture works.
Step 4: 🛠️ Build Simple React Projects
Create basic React projects like a to-do list, weather app, or a simple blog to practice your React skills.
Step 5: 📢 Share on LinkedIn
Post your completed React projects on LinkedIn to showcase your progress and start building your professional network.
Step 6: 🤖 Learn Advanced React
Dive into more advanced topics such as hooks, context API, higher-order components, and performance optimization.
Step 7: 🛠️ Create More Complex Projects
Develop more sophisticated projects that involve routing, state management (using libraries like Redux or Context API), and API integration.
Step 8: 📚 Develop a Professional Portfolio
Build a portfolio website showcasing your best React projects. Include detailed descriptions and your role in each project.
Step 9: 🔁 Share Your Work Online Again
Regularly update and share your new projects and portfolio on LinkedIn, GitHub, and other professional platforms.
Step 10: 💼 Begin Job Applications
Start applying for React developer positions. Tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight your React expertise and projects.
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
Step 1: 🌐 Learn Web Basics
Understand the fundamentals of the internet, including how websites are hosted, the role of DNS, and basic networking concepts.
Step 2: 📄 Master JavaScript Fundamentals
Before diving into React, ensure you have a solid understanding of JavaScript, including ES6+ features, functions, objects, and asynchronous programming.
Step 3: 🛠️ Learn React Basics
Start with the basics of React, including components, props, state, and JSX. Understand how React's component-based architecture works.
Step 4: 🛠️ Build Simple React Projects
Create basic React projects like a to-do list, weather app, or a simple blog to practice your React skills.
Step 5: 📢 Share on LinkedIn
Post your completed React projects on LinkedIn to showcase your progress and start building your professional network.
Step 6: 🤖 Learn Advanced React
Dive into more advanced topics such as hooks, context API, higher-order components, and performance optimization.
Step 7: 🛠️ Create More Complex Projects
Develop more sophisticated projects that involve routing, state management (using libraries like Redux or Context API), and API integration.
Step 8: 📚 Develop a Professional Portfolio
Build a portfolio website showcasing your best React projects. Include detailed descriptions and your role in each project.
Step 9: 🔁 Share Your Work Online Again
Regularly update and share your new projects and portfolio on LinkedIn, GitHub, and other professional platforms.
Step 10: 💼 Begin Job Applications
Start applying for React developer positions. Tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight your React expertise and projects.
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤10🔥1
HTML Learning Roadmap: From Basics to Advanced
1. Getting Started with HTML
Introduction to HTML: Understand what HTML is and its role in web development.
Structure of an HTML Document: Learn the basic structure of an HTML document (DOCTYPE, <html>, <head>, and <body>).
Tags and Elements: Learn about HTML tags, attributes, and elements.
2. Basic HTML Tags
Headings: Use <h1> to <h6> to create headings.
Paragraphs: Use <p> for paragraphs.
Links: Create hyperlinks with <a> tag.
Lists: Understand ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>) lists.
Images: Embed images with <img>.
3. Text Formatting Tags
Bold, Italics, and Underline: Use <b>, <i>, and <u> for text styling.
Text Alignment: Use <center>, <left>, and <right>.
Paragraph Formatting: Learn how to adjust line breaks with <br> and indentation with <blockquote>.
4. HTML Forms
Form Basics: Use <form>, <input>, <textarea>, and <button> to create forms.
Input Types: Learn different input types like text, email, password, radio, checkbox, and submit.
Form Validation: Use required, minlength, maxlength, pattern attributes for validation.
5. Tables
Table Structure: Create tables using <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td>.
Table Styling: Use colspan and rowspan for table layout.
Styling with CSS: Style tables with CSS for better presentation.
6. HTML Media
Audio and Video: Embed media with <audio> and <video> tags.
Embedding Content: Use <iframe> to embed external content like YouTube videos.
7. HTML5 New Features
Semantic Elements: Learn about <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>, and <aside> for better content structure.
New Form Elements: Use new form controls like <input type="date">, <input type="range">, <datalist>.
Geolocation API: Use the geolocation API to get the user's location.
Web Storage: Learn about localStorage and sessionStorage for client-side data storage.
8. Advanced HTML Techniques
Accessibility: Implement accessibility features using ARIA roles and attributes.
Forms and Accessibility: Use labels, fieldsets, and legends for better form accessibility.
Responsive Design: Understand the role of meta tags like viewport for responsive design.
HTML Validation: Learn how to validate HTML documents using tools like W3C Validator.
9. Best Practices
Code Organization: Use indentation and comments to organize your code.
SEO Best Practices: Use <title>, <meta>, and proper heading structure for search engine optimization.
HTML Optimization: Minimize HTML size for better page loading times.
10. Projects to Build
Beginner: Create a personal webpage, portfolio, or simple blog layout.
Intermediate: Build a product landing page or event registration form.
Advanced: Develop a responsive multi-page website with forms, tables, and embedded media.
📂 Web Development Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1. Getting Started with HTML
Introduction to HTML: Understand what HTML is and its role in web development.
Structure of an HTML Document: Learn the basic structure of an HTML document (DOCTYPE, <html>, <head>, and <body>).
Tags and Elements: Learn about HTML tags, attributes, and elements.
2. Basic HTML Tags
Headings: Use <h1> to <h6> to create headings.
Paragraphs: Use <p> for paragraphs.
Links: Create hyperlinks with <a> tag.
Lists: Understand ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>) lists.
Images: Embed images with <img>.
3. Text Formatting Tags
Bold, Italics, and Underline: Use <b>, <i>, and <u> for text styling.
Text Alignment: Use <center>, <left>, and <right>.
Paragraph Formatting: Learn how to adjust line breaks with <br> and indentation with <blockquote>.
4. HTML Forms
Form Basics: Use <form>, <input>, <textarea>, and <button> to create forms.
Input Types: Learn different input types like text, email, password, radio, checkbox, and submit.
Form Validation: Use required, minlength, maxlength, pattern attributes for validation.
5. Tables
Table Structure: Create tables using <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td>.
Table Styling: Use colspan and rowspan for table layout.
Styling with CSS: Style tables with CSS for better presentation.
6. HTML Media
Audio and Video: Embed media with <audio> and <video> tags.
Embedding Content: Use <iframe> to embed external content like YouTube videos.
7. HTML5 New Features
Semantic Elements: Learn about <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <nav>, and <aside> for better content structure.
New Form Elements: Use new form controls like <input type="date">, <input type="range">, <datalist>.
Geolocation API: Use the geolocation API to get the user's location.
Web Storage: Learn about localStorage and sessionStorage for client-side data storage.
8. Advanced HTML Techniques
Accessibility: Implement accessibility features using ARIA roles and attributes.
Forms and Accessibility: Use labels, fieldsets, and legends for better form accessibility.
Responsive Design: Understand the role of meta tags like viewport for responsive design.
HTML Validation: Learn how to validate HTML documents using tools like W3C Validator.
9. Best Practices
Code Organization: Use indentation and comments to organize your code.
SEO Best Practices: Use <title>, <meta>, and proper heading structure for search engine optimization.
HTML Optimization: Minimize HTML size for better page loading times.
10. Projects to Build
Beginner: Create a personal webpage, portfolio, or simple blog layout.
Intermediate: Build a product landing page or event registration form.
Advanced: Develop a responsive multi-page website with forms, tables, and embedded media.
📂 Web Development Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤14
Here is a great JavaScript interview question!
What the heck is a Promise doing under the hood?
In JavaScript, things usually happen one after the other. It's like a checklist each item gets done before moving to the next.
When a function returns a Promise, it's like making a promise to do something, like fetch data from the internet. But JavaScript doesn't wait around for the data to come back. Instead, it moves on to the next task.
Now, here's where things get interesting. While JavaScript is busy doing other stuff, like running more code, the Promise is off fetching data in the background.
Once the data is fetched, the Promise is fulfilled, and it has some information to share. But JavaScript needs to know when it's time to handle that information. That's where the onFulfilled part of the Promise comes in.
When the Promise is fulfilled, JavaScript takes the onFulfilled code and puts it in a special queue, ready to be run.
Now, async/await enters the scene. When we mark a function as async, we're telling JavaScript, "Hey, this function might take some time to finish, so don't wait up for it."
And when we use the await keyword inside an async function, it's like saying, "Hold on a sec, JavaScript. I need to wait for something important before moving on."
So, when JavaScript encounters an await keyword, it pauses and lets the async function do its thing. If that thing happens to be a Promise, JavaScript knows it can move on to other tasks while waiting for the Promise to resolve.
Once the Promise is resolved, JavaScript picks up where it left off and continues running the code.
Promises and async/await allow JavaScript to handle asynchronous tasks while keeping things organized and in order. Promises handle the background tasks, while async/await makes it easier to work with them in our code, ensuring everything happens in the right sequence.
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
What the heck is a Promise doing under the hood?
In JavaScript, things usually happen one after the other. It's like a checklist each item gets done before moving to the next.
When a function returns a Promise, it's like making a promise to do something, like fetch data from the internet. But JavaScript doesn't wait around for the data to come back. Instead, it moves on to the next task.
Now, here's where things get interesting. While JavaScript is busy doing other stuff, like running more code, the Promise is off fetching data in the background.
Once the data is fetched, the Promise is fulfilled, and it has some information to share. But JavaScript needs to know when it's time to handle that information. That's where the onFulfilled part of the Promise comes in.
When the Promise is fulfilled, JavaScript takes the onFulfilled code and puts it in a special queue, ready to be run.
Now, async/await enters the scene. When we mark a function as async, we're telling JavaScript, "Hey, this function might take some time to finish, so don't wait up for it."
And when we use the await keyword inside an async function, it's like saying, "Hold on a sec, JavaScript. I need to wait for something important before moving on."
So, when JavaScript encounters an await keyword, it pauses and lets the async function do its thing. If that thing happens to be a Promise, JavaScript knows it can move on to other tasks while waiting for the Promise to resolve.
Once the Promise is resolved, JavaScript picks up where it left off and continues running the code.
Promises and async/await allow JavaScript to handle asynchronous tasks while keeping things organized and in order. Promises handle the background tasks, while async/await makes it easier to work with them in our code, ensuring everything happens in the right sequence.
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
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