🌐 Most descriptions of the international order – whether existing or imminent –invariably include the notion of “many,” such as multilateralism, multipolarity, polycentrism, and so on.

This is natural. The number of meaningful international relations actors is unprecedentedly large, more than in a very long time, if ever.

The world (especially its European part seeking expansion and dominance) has long been accustomed to the rigid hierarchical constructs that defined the international system. Over the past 200 years, the hierarchy has been consistently becoming less complicated. From the Concert of Europe in the 19th century to the opposing “axes” of the first half of the 20th century, and from rigid bipolarity of the Cold War to the “unipolar moment” which was declared after it ended. The latter was the culmination. In a sense, the “end of history” announced in 1989 was indeed a final milestone. Not the end of history itself, but the end of a specific and quite lengthy phase which was an era of hierarchies.

To be sure, hierarchy has ended. However, it did not end with its complete triumph and the dissolution of the international order therein, but with the exhaustion of the possibilities that it offered. The unification efforts have had the reverse effect, as different cultures and peoples seek to emphasise their identity and distinctiveness even more. The current stage is transitional. Ideological attempts are being made to maintain the dominance of a single set of norms and rules in the spirit of the post-Cold War period. But it is being imposed coercively, as in much earlier periods.

The push to preserve elements of the former international order within what is emerging today is an important cause of the current confrontations. However, the gradual convergence of forward-looking states is playing an even more important role, write the authors of the Valdai Discussion Club’s Annual Report, titled “Maturity Certificate, or The Order That Never Was. Fantasy of a Hierarchy-Free Future.” They try to present an image of the future world and bring their findings to the discussion of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club “Fair Multipolarity: How to Ensure Security and Development for Everyone.”

https://valdaiclub.com/a/reports/maturity-certificate-or-the-order-that-never-was/

#VALDAI2023 #valdai_report #NewWorldOrder

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🌐 The European experience, in the centuries between the discovery of America and the Second World War, saw an alternation between hegemonic attempts by the most powerful state during that time period and the re-establishment of an international balance.

The states that pursued hegemonic attempts include Spain, France and Germany. The state that played a central role in bringing the international system back into balance was Great Britain. The script was basically repetitive; the actors have changed, but the logic which developed during these different phases has been constant.

This presents a question of whether the historical European experience is destined to repeat itself on a global level, mutatis mutandis.

It is also legitimate to ask whether the impetuous development that took place after the Second World War made a few decades enough to exhaust the international order established after the war, paving the way for a new equilibria. Such an acceleration of change represents a historical novelty, to such an extent as to support the belief that it is already necessary to immediately reflect on how to conceive a new order, writes Dario Velo.

https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/the-end-of-a-european-world-order-and-the-search/

#Norms_and_Values #NewWorldOrder

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🗺️ In 2023, many of us finally realized that the collapse of the past international order wasn’t a disaster, and contains far more positive things for the development of the whole world.

Among signs of a new international order, several of the most important features can be seen.

1️⃣ First, the emergence of democratic multipolarity, symbolized by the BRICS association.

2️⃣ Second, the gradual erosion of the monopoly of a narrow group of states in various sectors of the world economy.

3️⃣ Third, the revival of foreign policy activity of the majority of countries, which we define as the World Majority.

The World Majority countries do not set themselves the task of breaking the existing international order and destroying globalisation. However, they are gradually increasing the degree of their independence in determining foreign policy decisions and economic partnerships, writes Valdai Club Programme Director Timofei Bordachev.

https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/signs-of-a-new-international-order

#WiderEurasia #geopolitics #NewWorldOrder

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