Quick Recap of SQL Concepts
1️⃣ FROM clause: Specifies the tables from which data will be retrieved.
2️⃣ WHERE clause: Filters rows based on specified conditions.
3️⃣ GROUP BY clause: Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows.
4️⃣ HAVING clause: Filters groups based on specified conditions.
5️⃣ SELECT clause: Specifies the columns to be retrieved.
6️⃣ WINDOW functions: Functions that perform calculations across a set of table rows.
7️⃣ AGGREGATE functions: Functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG that perform calculations on a set of values.
8️⃣ UNION / UNION ALL: Combines the result sets of multiple SELECT statements.
9️⃣ ORDER BY clause: Sorts the result set based on specified columns.
🔟 LIMIT / OFFSET (or FETCH / OFFSET in some databases): Controls the number of rows returned and starting point for retrieval.
1️⃣ FROM clause: Specifies the tables from which data will be retrieved.
2️⃣ WHERE clause: Filters rows based on specified conditions.
3️⃣ GROUP BY clause: Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows.
4️⃣ HAVING clause: Filters groups based on specified conditions.
5️⃣ SELECT clause: Specifies the columns to be retrieved.
6️⃣ WINDOW functions: Functions that perform calculations across a set of table rows.
7️⃣ AGGREGATE functions: Functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG that perform calculations on a set of values.
8️⃣ UNION / UNION ALL: Combines the result sets of multiple SELECT statements.
9️⃣ ORDER BY clause: Sorts the result set based on specified columns.
🔟 LIMIT / OFFSET (or FETCH / OFFSET in some databases): Controls the number of rows returned and starting point for retrieval.
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SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a domain-specific language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. Here's a brief A-Z overview by @sqlanalyst
A - Aggregate Functions: Functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX used to perform operations on data in a database.
B - BETWEEN: A SQL operator used to filter results within a specific range.
C - CREATE TABLE: SQL statement for creating a new table in a database.
D - DELETE: SQL statement used to delete records from a table.
E - EXISTS: SQL operator used in a subquery to test if a specified condition exists.
F - FOREIGN KEY: A field in a database table that is a primary key in another table, establishing a link between the two tables.
G - GROUP BY: SQL clause used to group rows that have the same values in specified columns.
H - HAVING: SQL clause used in combination with GROUP BY to filter the results.
I - INNER JOIN: SQL clause used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
J - JOIN: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.
K - KEY: A field or set of fields in a database table that uniquely identifies each record.
L - LIKE: SQL operator used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a column.
M - MODIFY: SQL command used to modify an existing database table.
N - NULL: Represents missing or undefined data in a database.
O - ORDER BY: SQL clause used to sort the result set in ascending or descending order.
P - PRIMARY KEY: A field in a table that uniquely identifies each record in that table.
Q - QUERY: A request for data from a database using SQL.
R - ROLLBACK: SQL command used to undo transactions that have not been saved to the database.
S - SELECT: SQL statement used to query the database and retrieve data.
T - TRUNCATE: SQL command used to delete all records from a table without logging individual row deletions.
U - UPDATE: SQL statement used to modify the existing records in a table.
V - VIEW: A virtual table based on the result of a SELECT query.
W - WHERE: SQL clause used to filter the results of a query based on a specified condition.
X - (E)XISTS: Used in conjunction with SELECT to test the existence of rows returned by a subquery.
Z - ZERO: Represents the absence of a value in numeric fields or the initial state of boolean fields.
A - Aggregate Functions: Functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX used to perform operations on data in a database.
B - BETWEEN: A SQL operator used to filter results within a specific range.
C - CREATE TABLE: SQL statement for creating a new table in a database.
D - DELETE: SQL statement used to delete records from a table.
E - EXISTS: SQL operator used in a subquery to test if a specified condition exists.
F - FOREIGN KEY: A field in a database table that is a primary key in another table, establishing a link between the two tables.
G - GROUP BY: SQL clause used to group rows that have the same values in specified columns.
H - HAVING: SQL clause used in combination with GROUP BY to filter the results.
I - INNER JOIN: SQL clause used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
J - JOIN: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.
K - KEY: A field or set of fields in a database table that uniquely identifies each record.
L - LIKE: SQL operator used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a column.
M - MODIFY: SQL command used to modify an existing database table.
N - NULL: Represents missing or undefined data in a database.
O - ORDER BY: SQL clause used to sort the result set in ascending or descending order.
P - PRIMARY KEY: A field in a table that uniquely identifies each record in that table.
Q - QUERY: A request for data from a database using SQL.
R - ROLLBACK: SQL command used to undo transactions that have not been saved to the database.
S - SELECT: SQL statement used to query the database and retrieve data.
T - TRUNCATE: SQL command used to delete all records from a table without logging individual row deletions.
U - UPDATE: SQL statement used to modify the existing records in a table.
V - VIEW: A virtual table based on the result of a SELECT query.
W - WHERE: SQL clause used to filter the results of a query based on a specified condition.
X - (E)XISTS: Used in conjunction with SELECT to test the existence of rows returned by a subquery.
Z - ZERO: Represents the absence of a value in numeric fields or the initial state of boolean fields.
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Understanding CTEs in SQL
A Common Table Expression (CTE) is a temporary result set that you can refer to within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. It provides better readability and can be thought of as defining a temporary view for just one query.
A Common Table Expression (CTE) is a temporary result set that you can refer to within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. It provides better readability and can be thought of as defining a temporary view for just one query.
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