Best practice for organizing test mocks/stubs in a monorepo?

I have a Turborepo monorepo with two apps - a React + Vite frontend and a Fastify REST API. All shared packages are configured as native ES modules (`"type": "module"`) and have `sideEffects: false` since they only contain types, schemas, and constants.

I need to add test mocks/stubs for my types and schemas, and I'm trying to decide the best way to structure this. Should they live next to their types, or in a separate testing package?

Here's what I mean:

Option 1: Co-located mocks
import { ApiResponse, apiResponseStub } from '@acme/contract';
import { User, userStub } from '@acme/database';
import { Config, configStub } from '@acme/common';

Option 2: Separate testing package

import { ApiResponse } from '@acme/contract';
import { User } from '@acme/database';
import { Config } from '@acme/common';
import {
apiResponseStub,
userStub,
configStub
} from '@acme/testing';

While co-locating stubs next to their types/schemas feels a lot easier, I have some concerns:

1. Tree-shaking reliability: Even with `sideEffects: false`, can I trust that test code won't leak into production builds?
2. Package structure: If I go with a separate testing package, how should I organize it?

Appreciate any input I can get on this :)

https://redd.it/1gc0qst
@r_devops

CLion with Docker toolchain: "The file does not belong to any project target; code insight features may not work properly"

I'm trying to adapt my development workflow to make use of Docker containers for local development.

I'm having a hell of a time trying to get CLion to be configured correctly. The full details of the problem are posted to StackOverflow if anyone is interested in contributing.

See StackOverflow post

https://redd.it/1gc2fkd
@r_devops

Trace your application with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger

Trace your application with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger

https://medium.com/@rasvihostings/trace-your-application-with-opentelemetry-and-jaeger-109fb0420b3b

#gke #k8s #openTelemetry #sre #observability #python

https://redd.it/1gc4c0t
@r_devops

Question for the devops folks

Dear DevOps Engineer, I have a question about deploying Docker images in Kubernetes. When I build an image, push it to a registry, and then pull it with Kubernetes, how does it get an IP address to make it accessible via a domain like www.example.com? Also, in my front end, I specify the API URL in an .env file. How can I know the correct API URL to use once it’s deployed to the cloud? I understand Kubernetes uses services, but could you explain how this setup works in a cloud environment?

https://redd.it/1gc6etv
@r_devops

What’s in demand now?

Kubernetes and hyperscaler experience seems pretty easy to find now, and salaries aren't spectacular anymore. Are there any must have skills anymore, or is it all downhill from here as it becomes more saturated? Genuinely curious as to what comes next.

https://redd.it/1gc7qbj
@r_devops

Looking for webapp hosting recommendations - details in post

Hi /r/devops! Not sure if this sort of post belongs here, but figured I'd give it a shot :)

I often have personal programming projects, and sometimes they're webapps. I'm trying to figure out what's a good place to host them.

So far I've used Heroku. I know you can get cheaper (particularly with usage-based costs like AWS instead of flat costs like Heroku), but $12/mo ($7 for cheapest backend "dyno", $5 for cheapest DB) is reasonable for one project for me. Convenience is good.

However, it's nice to be able to have multiple projects going in parallel, and to try new projects out at will, without having to think too much about "is this worth spending money on" or worry about forgetting to spin down unused projects

I imagine I can do some multiplexing, so multiple projects don't cost more than one project. (It's ok if one of my projects causes all of them to crash. These are just toys.) But I don't think I can do this with Heroku. Specifically: I can probably run multiple projects' backends on one dyno, but for databases -- Heroku Postgres doesn't give you permissions to use CREATE DATABASE, alas

Any ideas?

Maybe DigitalOcean? AWS? Dokku + DigitalOcean or something? Something else?

A few more thoughts / requirements:

- Architecture is always simple, no weird needs there (a frontend, a backend, a database)
- Traffic for my projects is very low -- it's just me experimenting, usually I'm the only user, not projects I publish to the public or anything. If I ever have something that needs more traffic, I can figure out what platform to use then -- right now I just wanna figure out what platform I want to use for cheap & easy experimentation
- I want to minimize the risk of me accidentally doing something dumb and then ending up with a bill for thousands of dollars
- I want to minimize or eliminate the risk of someone scraping or DOS-ing my site and then I end up with a big bill -- so cut off my bandwidth or crash my server rather than giving me overage charges or autoscaling, etc

https://redd.it/1gc42w1
@r_devops

Best practices for updated dev toolchain for rhel8 box w/o using a container

Working on rhel8 box with gcc8 and would like to build with newer compiler & tools (emacs, nodejs, clang, ...). I could use a dev container but we're not ready for container deployments and don't care to have that battle yet. I've been other places where they would build all their own tools and you'd just add that to your path (i.e. would have a /devtools/X.XX/ dir on the box with everything installed underneath it).

Any other suggestions?

https://redd.it/1gcd5vb
@r_devops

Software lifecycle book reccomendations

What are some good books on the software lifecycle that focus more on the more practical aspect of the topic.

https://redd.it/1gcdrao
@r_devops

How to build a chat bot with a custom knowledge base? Guide me.


I am starting out to build web apps using AI.
I want to build a tool to convert pdf to csv and integrate a chatbot to interact with the knowledge ( i.e converted CSVs).
Can you guide me how can I build this ?
Any open-source tools that have similar structure will be a lot helpful.


https://redd.it/1gcetg9
@r_devops

What Does Your Day Look Like as an Infrastructure Engineer? Seeking Insights!

Hey there,

Are there any Infrastructure Engineers here? What does a typical day at the office look like for you? What are your main responsibilities, and which skills or tools are essential for your role?

I'm currently working as a trainee Infrastructure Engineer, and I'm gaining exposure to various areas like databases, IIS, cloud, networking, and servers—primarily on Windows. Our team is also expanding into Linux, along with technologies like Kubernetes, Kafka, Nginx, and more. I'd love to hear about your experiences!

https://redd.it/1gcg3ld
@r_devops

Python vs Bash Scripting.

Many DevOps jobs needs someone to be proficient in these skills efficiently.

Lately I have been concentrating more on upskilling more on bash scripting because I am feeling it's more common with the tasks I do lately.

Everything DevOps guys do is mostly on the commandline.

In Python or Bash Scripting which is more important or pertinent to our jobs as a DevOps Engineer.

https://redd.it/1gch4yw
@r_devops

What are you recommendations

I know I have to get a grasp of programming in Python or go and even bash scripting.

I have a little experience and I think I can learn and do things if I embark on projects straight away as a DevOps engineer.

My question is, do I jump on project immediately and find my fit. Like from a beginner-intermediate-advanced style or

Follow the popular roadmaps on the web by first learning Linux which I can't learn it all to other tools before doing projects.

What do you recommend guys?

https://redd.it/1gch0zo
@r_devops

Team skills problems

Hi all, wanted to know whether some of you are in a similar position as me.
Got into a Junior position in DevOps, more like a platform engineer role, and learned a lot in the first couple of months. Later on I’ve noticed that my team is seriously lacking knowledge about anything that’s related to Kubernetes and/or networking, so I didn’t have anyone to ask about issues and problems, or just to learn from. Some basic stuff like what is kubelet, or how to debug the api/etcd failures. Our usage is pretty simple but we’re getting into a situation where it’ll be critical because our scale will be getting bigger in next few months. It’s been like this for over a year and during that time I’ve been self learning via the k8s documentation, creating problems and trying to solve them in my own sandbox cluster, etc, just to get the hang of it. But I still don’t feel like I’m getting the required experience as I should have in a more “serious and professional” place. Don’t get me wrong my team is strong in all other areas, but we’re now in a place that every question that’s related to networking, k8s and Linux is now being redirected to me, the junior.
Is that normal?
Thanks in advance everyone!

FYI, we’re running on-premise.

EDIT: changed btw to fyi lol

https://redd.it/1gchsdu
@r_devops

Looking for Alternatives to SonarQube

Hey everyone,

We’ve been using SonarQube for our code coverage needs, mainly focusing on SQL and .NET Core projects. Our setup includes Visual Studio for development and Azure DevOps for our pipelines.

Lately, we've been considering other options due to some frustrations with SonarSource's support. We currently hold a dev license, but we're open to exploring new tools.

I've come across ReSharper, Codacy, and Veracode in my research. Has anyone here had experience with these, or can you recommend any other alternatives? Any insights would be greatly appreciated!

https://redd.it/1gcfr4t
@r_devops

Struggling with Live Coding Challenges , Advice Needed

I'm an SRE with a strong foundation in operations and networking, though my development skills aren’t as deep. I’m confident with automation and scripting tasks, and I’ve been pretty successful with interview processes overall. However, some companies have strict requirements for live problem-solving interviews, which I've consistently struggled with, making it incredibly frustrating. I recently made it to final interviews with three companies. Two of these require live whiteboarding sessions, and these are roles I’m truly excited about.

Even though I'm putting in the effort, I feel like I might not pass these interviews, which is really discouraging. I’m seriously considering tackling this head-on by dedicating myself to building up my coding and problem-solving skills. Creating logic and solving coding challenges has always been difficult for me, and I've avoided them for too long.

I could really use some advice on where to start—any YouTube videos or resources you recommend would be great. I want to at least reach a point where I can approach coding challenges with some understanding, rather than feeling completely lost. I have two final interviews coming up (they said they’re mostly formalities), one on Tuesday and the other on Thursday, both with live coding. If there’s anything I can do to prepare, even in this short time

I realize this might be considered unethical, but I know I won’t be fully prepared for these interviews in such a short amount of time. I was considering whether I might be able to turn off the video option during the interview. My screen would still be shared, of course, but with the video off, I could potentially use ChatGPT to help generate solutions. I’m just trying to make the most of this opportunity, as I really don’t want to miss it

https://redd.it/1gckp7k
@r_devops

Potential benefits of multi-cluster k8s architecture

Hi,

I am a data engineer dealing with data pipelines running on k8s and would like to initiate a technical discussion about the topic mentioned in the title.

Among the coworkers an idea popped up: what if we had a multi-cluster architecture to reduce costs, i.e. we keep several clusters in more regions (Azure) and we schedule our jobs to the cheap ones.
We are uncertain about how we could meassure these benefits and side effects of such an architecture.

Our idea:
Set up two dummy jobs, one dealing with data (to see how the distance from the storage’s region affects latency, costs, etc.) and one without connection to data.

My questions:
- How would you meassure the benefits of a multi-cluster architecture? What would be the KPIs (like costs, latency)? How would you calculate those?

- What other, if any at all, benefits of such architecture can you imagine?


https://redd.it/1gcgx0f
@r_devops

Golang for scripting

Following the thread below:

https://www.reddit.com/r/devops/s/2tr3AnvIId

How common is it for you guys to use golang for scripting?
I did it a little in my previous place but all of the developers were writing go too so it was trivial.

In my current place it’s all python, so it feels kinda weird.

What do you think?

https://redd.it/1gcq66t
@r_devops

What's your opinion on the current job market right now ? Is it cooked, will it get recover ?

What's your opinion on the current tech/DevOps job market? Between AI hype, layoffs, and market shifts, I'm curious about your experiences.

For those still in the field - what's your current focus? Are you pivoting towards specific technologies (Kubernetes, Platform Engineering, AI/MLOps), or doubling down on core DevOps skills?

https://redd.it/1gcqlt8
@r_devops

I wrote a test for checking how browsers and Cloudflare behave on Round Robin DNS

I wrote a test for checking how browsers and Cloudflare behave on Round Robin DNS, I've put my findings here:

https://blog.hyperknot.com/p/understanding-round-robin-dns

https://redd.it/1gcp84u
@r_devops

Cert Guidance

About to take CKA cert exam! Should I just knock out CKAD then CKS while the info is fresh or pursue something else? For context, I already have AWS SAA-Associate and Developer certs.

I’ve really enjoyed learning all things k8s. Currently work as a sales engineer in SaaS with the goal of eventually transitioning to a DevOps role.

https://redd.it/1gct5hv
@r_devops

How to manage development between team members and deployment?

I am working in a very small startup and our entire project is basically a huge web application (related to education). The project has only started right now but the way we have planned it, it will make use of a lot of databases and ML models (eg. to personalize the student's experience). The development team consists of 3 people. 2 of them work on frontend programming and I handle all the backend programming, all the cloud management and deployment.

Our project runs on Django and uses things like Redis, MariaDB. The way it currently works is that the frontend guys write their code and put it on a git repo, I do the backend programming on it and integrate it with django. Then i push these changes to git and a bash script i wrote on our cloud server pulls it, performs some operations on the files, creates config for the web server and nginx reverse proxy and directly runs it on the server.

The problem we encounter here is, once I integrate the backend with the frontend, it becomes impossible for the frontend guys to make any changes to the frontend code because the project with the backend requires a bunch of dependencies and DB with some tables pre-written on it to fetch constant data. Setting this environment up on their systems will make it difficult to update it if the structure ever changes. This is also bad if the team expands (which it will soon). Another thing I'm concerned about is if its ideal to simply run everything directly on the single VM, if its secure enough or not. Also this bash script method is still very manual.

I thought of using Docker, then I found out that its not good with handling persistent data. Anything else that uses a concept similar to containers is too complex for the project in its current state. I'm not much of a DevOps guy and we're mostly just learning with this stuff. Since the project is only just starting, we can refactor the entire system in whatever way its ideal to handle an environment like this. I am in need of a direction on what is the correct way to handle the development and deployment of such a project. Maybe my tech stack could be insufficient. I would greatly appreciate any assistance!


https://redd.it/1gcuhbe
@r_devops