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https://redd.it/13zxykb
@r_devops

Do I need both Terraform and Ansible?

I started using Terraform to provision infrastructure on Microsoft Azure resources. Some of these resources are virtual machines. I then need to do configuration management on the virtual machines, to install software dependencies, create user accounts, and enable ssh access on the virtual machines.

It wasn't clear to me how to do the configuration management (software installs and user accounts) with Terraform. I asked chatGPT and it suggested I needed to use Anisble or Puppet to configure the machines. Upon further investigation it seems that Terraform has some like 'ssh providers' that can be used to do the configuration management. It also seems that Ansible can be used to provision cloud resoures on Azure.

So now I am confused and need community best practices opinion. Can I use one tool for both provisioning and configuration management? do I need to use both? What are other people doing?

https://redd.it/13zzd62
@r_devops

Top 10 Interview Questions for DevOps Engineer

1. What is DevOps, and why is it important? Can you explain the key principles of DevOps?
Explanation:
This might be the first question after your introduction. You don’t have to memorize the long and boring paragraph on Wikipedia. Instead, try use an example to explain how DevOps approach helps on the software development lifecycle. Regarding the key principles, you don’t have to explain them in details here since this will be across the whole interview process and asked in the following questions.
Example Answer:
DevOps is a software development methodology that emphasises collaboration and communication between development teams and operations teams to improve the speed and efficiency of software delivery.
Imagine a software development team works separately from operation team. Every time, when the code is handed off to operation team, miscommunication and delays happens. It might cause slow deployment or deployment failure. With DevOps approach, where development and operational teams work together throughout the entire software development lifecycle, code can developed, tested, and deployed more quickly and frequently. Also, with DevOps approach, the whole team can focus more on the scalability of the system, building better monitoring and logging solutions, etc.
The key principles of DevOps I think includes:
\- Collaboration and communication which ensures everyone of the team is aligned and work towards a common goal.
\- Continuous integration and delivery automate the software delivery process and ensure the changes are tested before being deployed to production
\- Infrastructure as Code can help the team automate the provisioning and management of infrastructure resources, and make it easier to manage and scale complex environments.
\- Monitoring and feedback which could continuously optimise the reliability and performance of software system.


2. What are some of the tools and technologies commonly used in DevOps?
Explanation:
This question is used to check your knowledge base and your experience as a DevOps engineer. No one could master all the tools but you should know what essential skills are required for a DevOps engineer. You can check out this article — <How to Become a Cloud DevOps Engineer #Skills You Need> which covers all the technical skills required. Finally, you just need to explain the tools you have used in each domain and make sure you let the interviewer know you are a fast learner.
Example Answer:
As a DevOps engineers, I have used quite a lot of different tools.
For the cloud platform, I have 2-year experience on AWS and I have built multiple systems based on different AWS services such as EC2, ALB, CloudFront, Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB, RDS, ElasticCache, SQS, etc and I also have some experience on Microsoft Azure but not good as AWS.
I am familiar with Linux as I had been a system administrator for more than 3 years.
For the version control system, I use Git quite a lot and I have experience on Github and Bitbucket. Our team is following the industrial standard to manage the code.
I have been using Docker quite a lot and deployed many containerised applications on AWS ECS. Also, I am learning Kubernetes and preparing for the CKA exam.
Regarding CI/CD, I use Github Actions quite a lot as it provides great flexibility to our systems across different cloud platforms. I also know Jenkins and AWS Code Build and Code Pipeline as I have done some small projects with them.
For IaC, I use Terraform a lot also because we have used multiple cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure and GCP.
For monitoring and logging, I usually build the logging solution natively on the cloud platform such as CloudWatch on AWS and Azure Monitor on Azure. I can also use tools like Grafana, Splunk and Data Dog.
Overall, every tool has its own pros and cons. As a DevOps engineer, I enjoy learning new tools and I can select appropriate tools and technologies for different projects and as far as I could

say, they are all working well.
3. What is the role of automation in DevOps?.
4. What is infrastructure as code, and how does it benefit DevOps?
5. What is a CI/CD pipeline, and how does it work? What is the difference between continuous integration and continuous delivery?
6. How do you ensure the security of software in a DevOps environment?
rovided a stable and high-performance environment for the web application to operate in.
7. What is your experience with cloud computing platforms such as AWS or Azure?
8. What is Containerisation, and how does it benefit DevOps?
9. What is your experience with monitoring and logging tools?
10. What is version control and how is it used in DevOps

Check out all from here.

https://redd.it/14005jx
@r_devops

Next step after learning the fundamentals?

I've read the recommended books (phoenix project, devops handbook, google sre) and spent a lot of time learning Python, Git, Linux, Networking, and AWS. Have done some projects as well. I'm applying to dev/sysadmin jobs but in the meantime I'd like to know what else I should focus on for employability and the ability to differentiate myself as a junior.

The following tools appear to be the most popular (in my region as well), but I'm wondering which ones I should learn first and in what order? I have read many older posts and reviewed a couple of roadmaps and based on this, here is what I came up with:

1. Docker
2. Kubernetes
3. Terraform
4. Ansible
5. Gitlab CI

Any tips or suggestions if this is the right way to go, or if I should prioritize one thing over another, or reorder it?

https://redd.it/1403k2y
@r_devops

When do you work on projects/trainings do you configure stuff locally or in cloud?

I was wondering how you guys are approaching things in this matter.

https://redd.it/14068w6
@r_devops

Azure Postgres vs Postgres on Kubernetes?

I am using Azure Postgres Flexi server for hosting multiple Postgres databases but the costs are spilling over the budget. Is there any mature and reliable Postgres operator for Kubernetes.

I have an AKS cluster and would like to run the Postgres workloads there if it helps me save costs.

I would like to know any considerations or issues faced by members of this community.

https://redd.it/1406l9a
@r_devops

Career guidance

I have been working as a DevOps professional for the past 8 years . According to the DevOps Roadmap listed on https://roadmap.sh/devops, I am proficient in all areas except coding. In my role some tasks of scripting and automation require basic coding skills. Whenever I am tasked with scripting, I rely on my logical thinking and refer to documentation and examples to successfully complete most of the tasks.

I have a strong grasp of Linux troubleshooting and web hosting. In terms of networking, I have a basic understanding of how things work and can set up configurations at the cloud level or in small intranet setups (if that is considered). I am able to write Dockerfiles, set up Docker Compose or ECS configurations, and establish CI/CD pipelines. While I have some knowledge of Kubernetes, my hands-on experience with it is limited due to my previous work experience.

I am experienced in setting up monitoring systems using Prometheus, ELK stack, and have a good understanding of IaC (Infrastructure as Code) with tools like Terraform. It's important to note that my experience is primarily focused on AWS cloud services.

Regarding coding skills, I would like to know how much coding knowledge is expected in a typical DevOps role. Am I lacking in this area, or is my level of coding proficiency considered normal? Additionally, I would appreciate any suggestions on areas where I may be lacking or improvements I can make.

Let me know guys if you need more information

https://redd.it/1408vwc
@r_devops

Pause GCP nigtly

I wrote a tool for pausing some resources in GCP. This tool is aimed at saving infrastructure costs nightly.

This tool also helps you refresh your preemptible cluster to prevent GCP from revoking vm during working hours.

GitHub: https://github.com/vietanhduong/pause-gcp

Feel free to contribute!

https://redd.it/1402ror
@r_devops

Why use Cloudformation when there are tools like terraform?

Just curious. With terraform you can organize your code in version control, use variables, re-use certain code etc, so my question is why do people still use Cloudformation? Is there something I don't know about Cloudformation's best practices that would make it more appealing than terraform?

https://redd.it/140cu83
@r_devops

From Ops to Dev for a change: What language / framework to learn?

I got into DevOps from the ops side, doing mainly Ansible / Terraform / AWS / Gitlab CI with scripting, internal tooling and APIs in Python (and Bash if necessary). My company has recently offered me to extend my position to at least assist on the application dev side. This is of course beneficial for professional development in general.

However, I'm unsure which direction to go in as we have both backend and frontend positions available. We mainly do custom webapps for other companies' internal processes, usually with a PHP backend using Laravel (+Nova) and Next or Nuxt frontend. Node backends are used very rarely.

The more straightforward route would be to go into backend development - I've used PHP for some smaller things and it seems easy enough to learn, as does Laravel, whereas I have zero experience or contact with frontend development. I would likely get fairly proficient fairly quickly, and our best devs (also the ones that I have the best rapport with) are all more focused on backend which would help me learn.

However, it seems to me that Javascript (+ Typescript) would be more useful to learn than PHP.

- For one thing, it's more commonly used for glue code (e.g. Cloudfront functions only being available in JS), is far more commonly an option for tooling (e.g. Pulumi) and seems to have very influential syntax / concepts.
- Secondly, it'd allow me to use Node.js as a Python backend alternative - not sure how that compares to PHP locally (Germany) but it's at least not objectively terrible.
- And thirdly, it would allow me to write actually user-friendly frontends for our own internal tooling myself instead of having to book developer time and handling too much in the backend.

The only frontend dev that I had closer contact with unfortunately just left, though, and many of the others are juniors and don't seem to have such great practices. So the learning curve would be much steeper and more reliant on outside resources. I also have no inherent interest on whether something is five pixels to the left or right on iOS vs Android.

I don't think going fullstack in addition to the ops side is a realistic option.

Which option would you choose?

https://redd.it/1406g2b
@r_devops

In what order would you learn these?

1. Docker
2. Kubernetes
3. Terraform
4. Ansible
5. Gitlab CI

I have Python, Git, Linux, Networking, and AWS SAA under my belt and have read the recommended books (phoenix project, devops handbook, google sre). Have done some complex projects as well. Looking to expand my skills and increase my employability in the industry.

 

Edit: I looked up the skills on LinkedIn, and the order in which I have them listed corresponds to the number of jobs that require those skills, ranging from the most mentioned (1) to the least (5).

https://redd.it/1405q97
@r_devops

Using properly VPN

Hi guys,

So far the only tool we are using from the company laptops is TEAMS and outlook email client for windows.
We are mostly remote but there is always an annoying manager who wants to asks where are we etc..
Traveling a lot outsiders of the country so...
I was wondering how is the proper way to set up a VPN so in the teams or outlook email they can't know if I am outside of the country...
Should I disable I guess the automatic login on TEAMS when the Windows start up? And make sure that first VPN connection is established with country's ip?
What about outlook email client?

https://redd.it/140hvsl
@r_devops

GitLab Pages preview

When I write Apache APISIX-related blog posts, I want my colleagues to review them first. However, it’s my blog, and since I mix personal and business posts, I want to keep them from the repository. I need a preview, accessible only to a few, something like Vercel’s preview. I’m using GitLab Pages, and there’s no such out-of-the-box feature.

I tried two methods: GitHub gists and PDFs. Both have issues.

Gists don’t display as nicely as the final page. I tried to improve the situation by using DocGist. It’s an improvement, even if not the panacea.

Moreover, gists don’t display images since I write my posts in Asciidoc. I’ve to set images in comments, and it breaks the flow. I’ve tried to attach the images to the gist, but they don’t appear in the flow of the post in any case. The pro over comments is that they are ordered; the con is that I need to change the Asciidoc.

I used gists because I’m used to GitHub reviews. But since it’s my blog, I neither need nor want the same kind of reviews as in a regular Merge Request. I need people to point me to when something needs to be clarified, or I missed a logical jump, not that I made a typo (I use Grammarly for this). For this reason, a PDF export of a post is enough to review.

However, PDFs have issues on their own: a web "page" is potentially endless, while a regular PDF page cuts the former into standard pages. Splits can happen across diagrams. Besides, PDFs make distribution much harder.

In this post, I’ll describe how I configured GitLab Pages to get the preview I want.


Read more

https://redd.it/140hrum
@r_devops

Pypi repository mirroring

At my project, the tool we are working on is air-gapped meaning we must bring all packages that we need with us -

For example, to be able to use apt update we use a tool named aptly for mirroring Ubuntu repository and mirror only the packages we want (based on name, version, architecture and more)

How can this be done for Python packages?

I'm aware of pip download but its not "powerful" enough, you can use it and give it a requirements file, you can even specify you want all downloads to be source code or to be wheels, but its not possible to mix and match. If package X has only releases of type source code (doesn't have wheels) and i specified I want to download wheels, the download will fail.

https://redd.it/140q9hl
@r_devops

How do you glue Terraform resources together?

I know that an EC2 instance should get a security group but how do you keep track of what resources require other resources. Doing things through ClickOps generates a lot more than just one resource so how do you do it without just making your stack from just other people's modules?

https://redd.it/140rrav
@r_devops

HowTo to map a release process into CI/CD

My company has between DEV and PROD an integration Stage and Six QA stages. Currently we deploy these releases manually in all stages except DEV. I created a pipeline for the non-DEV stages. Now I can deploy manually by pushing a button instead of calling some scripts. Same work but more context switches, yay. I still need to do the configuration manually and I still wait for approval from different people.

I am sure other companies also have QA and staging. How do other companies do automate their delivery process?

https://redd.it/140sapn
@r_devops

Start a new grad DevSecOps role in September - how to prepare / not look like a fool?

Hey everyone,

I start a new grad DevSecops role with a defense contractor in September. I had someone I know tell me that they wouldn’t train me in this role, and that I should be ready to go right away and contribute. I was under the impression that because this is a new grad role, that I would most likely be trained and get up to date with everything. I have been starting to question if I’m ready now as I’m not confident enough in my technical skills, and don’t want to come in and look like a complete fool. Any advice?

https://redd.it/140ygn8
@r_devops

Devops

I'm from non-it and have a career gap , so already learned LINUX, Networking and AWS ans now I'm planning to learn devops. I went through few institutes but they are just covering the basics . I'm looking for someone who is already has experience in devops and could take classes so that i can get real time learning. Please suggest me if you know anybody who can teach devops.

https://redd.it/1410w1h
@r_devops

API monitoring vs. observability in microservices

There's a big difference... and API observability can troubleshoot issues that monitoring can't really. Thoughts?

https://gethelios.dev/blog/api-monitoring-vs-observability-in-microservices-troubleshooting-guide/

https://redd.it/1417dkk
@r_devops

Learning through an AWS SAA course. Should I skip the Cloudformation section and learn Terraform instead?

I am currently learning through Cantrill's course to gain a solid understanding of AWS. However, I'm not completely sure whether I should get certified immediately or first aim to secure a job in order to gain practical experience using AWS at a production level before attempting the exam.

So I was wondering if it's a better idea to skip the cloudformation section and learn terraform instead, seeing as it's used in the industry more and is cloud-agnostic?

My two options (I'm in a time-constricted situation):

1. Learn AWS SAA, but replace Cloudformation content with Terraform. Then try to get on-the-job experience using AWS before taking exam. Won't have any cloudformation knowledge till I decide to take the exam and thus study for it.

2. Learn AWS SAA and learn Cloudformation. Get certified first, then attempt to find a job. I won't have learned Terraform.


Which option do you think is better?

https://redd.it/1417hzk
@r_devops