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Python Cheatsheet ๐Ÿš€

1๏ธโƒฃ Variables & Data Types

x = 10 (Integer)

y = 3.14 (Float)

name = "Python" (String)

is_valid = True (Boolean)

items = [1, 2, 3] (List)

data = (1, 2, 3) (Tuple)

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25} (Dictionary)


2๏ธโƒฃ Operators

Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, //, %, **

Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

Logical: and, or, not

Membership: in, not in


3๏ธโƒฃ Control Flow

If-Else:

if age > 18:
print("Adult")
elif age == 18:
print("Just turned 18")
else:
print("Minor")

Loops:

for i in range(5):
print(i)
while x < 10:
x += 1


4๏ธโƒฃ Functions

Defining & Calling:

def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}"
print(greet("Alice"))

Lambda Functions: add = lambda x, y: x + y


5๏ธโƒฃ Lists & Dictionary Operations

Append: items.append(4)

Remove: items.remove(2)

List Comprehension: [x**2 for x in range(5)]

Dictionary Access: person["name"]


6๏ธโƒฃ File Handling

Read File:

with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()

Write File:

with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, World!")


7๏ธโƒฃ Exception Handling

try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
print("Done")

8๏ธโƒฃ Modules & Packages

Importing:

import math
print(math.sqrt(25))

Creating a Module (mymodule.py):

def add(x, y):
return x + y

Usage: from mymodule import add


9๏ธโƒฃ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Defining a Class:

class Person:
def init(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def greet(self):
return f"Hello, my name is {self.name}"

Creating an Object: p = Person("Alice", 25)


๐Ÿ”Ÿ Useful Libraries

NumPy: import numpy as np

Pandas: import pandas as pd

Matplotlib: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Requests: import requests

Python Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L

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Here's a concise cheat sheet to help you get started with Python for Data Analytics. This guide covers essential libraries and functions that you'll frequently use.


1. Python Basics
- Variables:
x = 10
y = "Hello"

- Data Types:
  - Integers: x = 10
  - Floats: y = 3.14
  - Strings: name = "Alice"
  - Lists: my_list = [1, 2, 3]
  - Dictionaries: my_dict = {"key": "value"}
  - Tuples: my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)

- Control Structures:
  - if, elif, else statements
  - Loops: 
  
    for i in range(5):
        print(i)
   

  - While loop:
  
    while x < 5:
        print(x)
        x += 1
   

2. Importing Libraries

- NumPy:
  import numpy as np
 

- Pandas:
  import pandas as pd
 

- Matplotlib:
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 

- Seaborn:
  import seaborn as sns
 

3. NumPy for Numerical Data

- Creating Arrays:
  arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
 

- Array Operations:
  arr.sum()
  arr.mean()
 

- Reshaping Arrays:
  arr.reshape((2, 2))
 

- Indexing and Slicing:
  arr[0:2]  # First two elements
 

4. Pandas for Data Manipulation

- Creating DataFrames:
  df = pd.DataFrame({
      'col1': [1, 2, 3],
      'col2': ['A', 'B', 'C']
  })
 

- Reading Data:
  df = pd.read_csv('file.csv')
 

- Basic Operations:
  df.head()          # First 5 rows
  df.describe()      # Summary statistics
  df.info()          # DataFrame info
 

- Selecting Columns:
  df['col1']
  df[['col1', 'col2']]
 

- Filtering Data:
  df[df['col1'] > 2]
 

- Handling Missing Data:
  df.dropna()        # Drop missing values
  df.fillna(0)       # Replace missing values
 

- GroupBy:
  df.groupby('col2').mean()
 

5. Data Visualization

- Matplotlib:
  plt.plot(df['col1'], df['col2'])
  plt.xlabel('X-axis')
  plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
  plt.title('Title')
  plt.show()
 

- Seaborn:
  sns.histplot(df['col1'])
  sns.boxplot(x='col1', y='col2', data=df)
 

6. Common Data Operations

- Merging DataFrames:
  pd.merge(df1, df2, on='key')
 

- Pivot Table:
  df.pivot_table(index='col1', columns='col2', values='col3')
 

- Applying Functions:
  df['col1'].apply(lambda x: x*2)
 

7. Basic Statistics

- Descriptive Stats:
  df['col1'].mean()
  df['col1'].median()
  df['col1'].std()
 

- Correlation:
  df.corr()
 

This cheat sheet should give you a solid foundation in Python for data analytics. As you get more comfortable, you can delve deeper into each library's documentation for more advanced features.

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If I Were to Start My Data Science Career from Scratch, Here's What I Would Do ๐Ÿ‘‡

1๏ธโƒฃ Master Advanced SQL

Foundations: Learn database structures, tables, and relationships.

Basic SQL Commands: SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY.

Aggregations: Get hands-on with SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX, GROUP BY, and HAVING.

JOINs: Understand LEFT, RIGHT, INNER, OUTER, and CARTESIAN joins.

Advanced Concepts: CTEs, window functions, and query optimization.

Metric Development: Build and report metrics effectively.


2๏ธโƒฃ Study Statistics & A/B Testing

Descriptive Statistics: Know your mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.

Distributions: Familiarize yourself with normal, Bernoulli, binomial, exponential, and uniform distributions.

Probability: Understand basic probability and Bayes' theorem.

Intro to ML: Start with linear regression, decision trees, and K-means clustering.

Experimentation Basics: T-tests, Z-tests, Type 1 & Type 2 errors.

A/B Testing: Design experimentsโ€”hypothesis formation, sample size calculation, and sample biases.


3๏ธโƒฃ Learn Python for Data

Data Manipulation: Use pandas for data cleaning and manipulation.

Data Visualization: Explore matplotlib and seaborn for creating visualizations.

Hypothesis Testing: Dive into scipy for statistical testing.

Basic Modeling: Practice building models with scikit-learn.


4๏ธโƒฃ Develop Product Sense

Product Management Basics: Manage projects and understand the product life cycle.

Data-Driven Strategy: Leverage data to inform decisions and measure success.

Metrics in Business: Define and evaluate metrics that matter to the business.


5๏ธโƒฃ Hone Soft Skills

Communication: Clearly explain data findings to technical and non-technical audiences.

Collaboration: Work effectively in teams.

Time Management: Prioritize and manage projects efficiently.

Self-Reflection: Regularly assess and improve your skills.


6๏ธโƒฃ Bonus: Basic Data Engineering

Data Modeling: Understand dimensional modeling and trade-offs in normalization vs. denormalization.

ETL: Set up extraction jobs, manage dependencies, clean and validate data.

Pipeline Testing: Conduct unit testing and ensure data quality throughout the pipeline.

I have curated the best interview resources to crack Data Science Interviews
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Python Roadmap for 2025 ๐Ÿ‘†
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Important Topics You Should Know to Learn Python ๐Ÿ‘‡

Lists, Strings, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets โ€“ Learn the core data structures in Python.

Boolean, Arithmetic, and Comparison Operators โ€“ Understand how Python evaluates conditions.

Operations on Data Structures โ€“ Append, delete, insert, reverse, sort, and manipulate collections efficiently.

Reading and Extracting Data โ€“ Learn how to access, modify, and extract values from lists and dictionaries.

Conditions and Loops โ€“ Master if, elif, else, for, while, break, and continue statements.

Range and Enumerate โ€“ Efficiently loop through sequences with indexing.

Functions โ€“ Create functions with and without parameters, and understand *args and **kwargs.

Classes & Object-Oriented Programming โ€“ Work with init methods, global/local variables, and concepts like inheritance and encapsulation.

File Handling โ€“ Read, write, and manipulate files in Python.


Free Resources to learn Python๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

๐Ÿ‘‰ Free Python course by Google

https://developers.google.com/edu/python

๐Ÿ‘‰ Freecodecamp Python course

https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/data-analysis-with-python/#

๐Ÿ‘‰ Udacity Intro to Python course

https://bit.ly/3FOOQHh

๐Ÿ‘‰Python Cheatsheet

https://t.iss.one/pythondevelopersindia/262?single

๐Ÿ‘‰ Practice Python

https://www.pythonchallenge.com/

๐Ÿ‘‰ Kaggle

https://kaggle.com/learn/intro-to-programming
https://kaggle.com/learn/python

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—˜๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป
https://netacad.com/courses/programming/pcap-programming-essentials-python

๐Ÿ‘‰ Python Essentials
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L

https://t.iss.one/dsabooks

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—–๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐˜‚๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป
https://freecodecamp.org/learn/scientific-computing-with-python/

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป
https://freecodecamp.org/learn/data-analysis-with-python/

๐Ÿ‘‰ ๐— ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ ๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป
https://freecodecamp.org/learn/machine-learning-with-python/

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๐Ÿš€ Complete Roadmap to Become a Data Scientist in 5 Months

๐Ÿ“… Week 1-2: Fundamentals
โœ… Day 1-3: Introduction to Data Science, its applications, and roles.
โœ… Day 4-7: Brush up on Python programming ๐Ÿ.
โœ… Day 8-10: Learn basic statistics ๐Ÿ“Š and probability ๐ŸŽฒ.

๐Ÿ” Week 3-4: Data Manipulation & Visualization
๐Ÿ“ Day 11-15: Master Pandas for data manipulation.
๐Ÿ“ˆ Day 16-20: Learn Matplotlib & Seaborn for data visualization.

๐Ÿค– Week 5-6: Machine Learning Foundations
๐Ÿ”ฌ Day 21-25: Introduction to scikit-learn.
๐Ÿ“Š Day 26-30: Learn Linear & Logistic Regression.

๐Ÿ— Week 7-8: Advanced Machine Learning
๐ŸŒณ Day 31-35: Explore Decision Trees & Random Forests.
๐Ÿ“Œ Day 36-40: Learn Clustering (K-Means, DBSCAN) & Dimensionality Reduction.

๐Ÿง  Week 9-10: Deep Learning
๐Ÿค– Day 41-45: Basics of Neural Networks with TensorFlow/Keras.
๐Ÿ“ธ Day 46-50: Learn CNNs & RNNs for image & text data.

๐Ÿ› Week 11-12: Data Engineering
๐Ÿ—„ Day 51-55: Learn SQL & Databases.
๐Ÿงน Day 56-60: Data Preprocessing & Cleaning.

๐Ÿ“Š Week 13-14: Model Evaluation & Optimization
๐Ÿ“ Day 61-65: Learn Cross-validation & Hyperparameter Tuning.
๐Ÿ“‰ Day 66-70: Understand Evaluation Metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score).

๐Ÿ— Week 15-16: Big Data & Tools
๐Ÿ˜ Day 71-75: Introduction to Big Data Technologies (Hadoop, Spark).
โ˜๏ธ Day 76-80: Learn Cloud Computing (AWS, GCP, Azure).

๐Ÿš€ Week 17-18: Deployment & Production
๐Ÿ›  Day 81-85: Deploy models using Flask or FastAPI.
๐Ÿ“ฆ Day 86-90: Learn Docker & Cloud Deployment (AWS, Heroku).

๐ŸŽฏ Week 19-20: Specialization
๐Ÿ“ Day 91-95: Choose NLP or Computer Vision, based on your interest.

๐Ÿ† Week 21-22: Projects & Portfolio
๐Ÿ“‚ Day 96-100: Work on Personal Data Science Projects.

๐Ÿ’ฌ Week 23-24: Soft Skills & Networking
๐ŸŽค Day 101-105: Improve Communication & Presentation Skills.
๐ŸŒ Day 106-110: Attend Online Meetups & Forums.

๐ŸŽฏ Week 25-26: Interview Preparation
๐Ÿ’ป Day 111-115: Practice Coding Interviews (LeetCode, HackerRank).
๐Ÿ“‚ Day 116-120: Review your projects & prepare for discussions.

๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป Week 27-28: Apply for Jobs
๐Ÿ“ฉ Day 121-125: Start applying for Entry-Level Data Scientist positions.

๐ŸŽค Week 29-30: Interviews
๐Ÿ“ Day 126-130: Attend Interviews & Practice Whiteboard Problems.

๐Ÿ”„ Week 31-32: Continuous Learning
๐Ÿ“ฐ Day 131-135: Stay updated with the Latest Data Science Trends.

๐Ÿ† Week 33-34: Accepting Offers
๐Ÿ“ Day 136-140: Evaluate job offers & Negotiate Your Salary.

๐Ÿข Week 35-36: Settling In
๐ŸŽฏ Day 141-150: Start your New Data Science Job, adapt & keep learning!

๐ŸŽ‰ Enjoy Learning & Build Your Dream Career in Data Science! ๐Ÿš€๐Ÿ”ฅ
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Essential Python Libraries for Data Science

- Numpy: Fundamental for numerical operations, handling arrays, and mathematical functions.

- SciPy: Complements Numpy with additional functionalities for scientific computing, including optimization and signal processing.

- Pandas: Essential for data manipulation and analysis, offering powerful data structures like DataFrames.

- Matplotlib: A versatile plotting library for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations.

- Keras: A high-level neural networks API, facilitating rapid prototyping and experimentation in deep learning.

- TensorFlow: An open-source machine learning framework widely used for building and training deep learning models.

- Scikit-learn: Provides simple and efficient tools for data mining, machine learning, and statistical modeling.

- Seaborn: Built on Matplotlib, Seaborn enhances data visualization with a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics.

- Statsmodels: Focuses on estimating and testing statistical models, providing tools for exploring data, estimating models, and statistical testing.

- NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): A library for working with human language data, supporting tasks like classification, tokenization, stemming, tagging, parsing, and more.

These libraries collectively empower data scientists to handle various tasks, from data preprocessing to advanced machine learning implementations.

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AI Engineers can be quite successful in this role without ever training anything.

This is how:

1/ Leveraging pre-trained LLMs: Select and tune existing LLMs for specific tasks. Don't start from scratch

2/ Prompt engineering: Craft effective prompts to optimize LLM performance without model modifications

3/ Implement Modern AI Solution Architectures: Design systems like RAG to enhance LLMs with external knowledge

Developers: The barrier to entry is lower than ever.

Focus on the solution's VALUE and connect AI components like you were assembling Lego! (Credits: Unknown)
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Do these 4 things to 10x your responses while asking for referrals:

1. Be personal. (never use AI)

I get a ton of messages that are either written by AI or obviously copy and pasted to 100 people.

Be personal by mentioning something you have in common with the person youโ€™re messaging or what you got out of one of their posts.

2. Have a specific job that you want to apply for and send the link.

โ€œCan you look and see if there are any openings?โ€ is incredibly rude and inconsiderate of the personโ€™s time.

If you want them to help you with a referral, do the work for them by sending them the link, why youโ€™re a good fit, and other needed info.

3. Reach out to people who are active on LinkedIn, but not content creators.

Everytime thereโ€™s an opening at my company, I get 50 messages asking for a referral. As much as I want to, I canโ€™t refer everyone.

Therefore, look for those to connect with at a company youโ€™re interested in that post occasionally on LinkedIn, but are not content creators.

These people will be active enough to see your message, but not have 3 dozen other messages asking for the same thing.

4. Build relationships way before you ask for a referral.

While I donโ€™t do many referrals bc of how many inquiries I get, Iโ€™d be much more likely to refer someone who adds to the conversation by commenting on my posts, creates good posts themselves, and overall seems like a smart, nice person.

Doing this turns you from a complete stranger to a friend.

I know a lot of people are pressed for time on here, but building relationships is what networking is all about.

Do that effectively and your network may offer you referrals when thereโ€™s an opening.

Join this channel for more Interview Preparation Tips: https://t.iss.one/jobinterviewsprep

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Remove Background with Python
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๐Ÿ”ฐ Python for Everything
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๐Ÿ”ฐ Python Lambda Functions!
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Build AI Agents with Python ๐Ÿ‘†
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