🔰 C++ Roadmap for Beginners 2025
├── 🧠 Introduction to C++ & How It Works
├── 🧰 Setting Up Environment (IDE, Compiler)
├── 📝 Basic Syntax & Structure
├── 🔢 Variables, Data Types & Constants
├── ➕ Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise)
├── 🔁 Flow Control (if, else, switch)
├── 🔄 Loops (for, while, do...while)
├── 🧩 Functions (Declaration, Definition, Recursion)
├── 📦 Arrays, Strings & Vectors
├── 🧱 Pointers & References
├── 🧮 Dynamic Memory Allocation (new, delete)
├── 🏗 Structures & Unions
├── 🏛 Object-Oriented Programming (Classes, Objects, Inheritance, Polymorphism)
├── 📂 File Handling in C++
├── ⚠️ Exception Handling
├── 🧠 STL (Standard Template Library - vector, map, set, etc.)
├── 🧪 Mini Projects (Bank System, Student Record, etc.)

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Typical java interview questions sorted by experience


Junior
* Name some of the characteristics of OO programming languages
* What are the access modifiers you know? What does each one do?
* What is the difference between overriding and overloading a method in Java?
* What’s the difference between an Interface and an abstract class?
* Can an Interface extend another Interface?
* What does the static word mean in Java?
* Can a static method be overridden in Java?
* What is Polymorphism? What about Inheritance?
* Can a constructor be inherited?
* Do objects get passed by reference or value in Java? Elaborate on that.
* What’s the difference between using == and .equals on a string?
* What is the hashCode() and equals() used for?
* What does the interface Serializable do? What about Parcelable in Android?
* Why are Array and ArrayList different? When would you use each?
* What’s the difference between an Integer and int?
* What is a ThreadPool? Is it better than using several “simple” threads?
* What the difference between local, instance and class variables?

Mid
* What is reflection?
* What is dependency injection? Can you name a few libraries? (Have you used any?)
* What are strong, soft and weak references in Java?
* What does the keyword synchronized mean?
* Can you have “memory leaks” on Java?
* Do you need to set references to null on Java/Android?
* What does it means to say that a String is immutable?
* What are transient and volatile modifiers?
* What is the finalize() method?
* How does the try{} finally{} works?
* What is the difference between instantiation and initialisation of an object?
* When is a static block run?
* Why are Generics are used in Java?
* Can you mention the design patterns you know? Which of those do you normally use?
* Can you mention some types of testing you know?

Senior
* How does Integer.parseInt() works?
* Do you know what is the “double check locking” problem?
* Do you know the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder?
* How is a StringBuilder implemented to avoid the immutable string allocation problem?
* What does Class.forName method do?
* What is Autoboxing and Unboxing?
* What’s the difference between an Enumeration and an Iterator?
* What is the difference between fail-fast and fail safe in Java?
* What is PermGen in Java?
* What is a Java priority queue?
* *s performance influenced by using the same number in different types: Int, Double and Float?
* What is the Java Heap?
* What is daemon thread?
* Can a dead thread be restarted?

Source: medium.

🚀 Coding Projects & Ideas 💻

Inspire your next portfolio project — from beginner to pro!

🏗️ Beginner-Friendly Projects

1️⃣ To-Do List App – Create tasks, mark as done, store in browser.
2️⃣ Weather App – Fetch live weather data using a public API.
3️⃣ Unit Converter – Convert currencies, length, or weight.
4️⃣ Personal Portfolio Website – Showcase skills, projects & resume.
5️⃣ Calculator App – Build a clean UI for basic math operations.

⚙️ Intermediate Projects

6️⃣ Chatbot with AI – Use NLP libraries to answer user queries.
7️⃣ Stock Market Tracker – Real-time graphs & stock performance.
8️⃣ Expense Tracker – Manage budgets & visualize spending.
9️⃣ Image Classifier (ML) – Classify objects using pre-trained models.
🔟 E-Commerce Website – Product catalog, cart, payment gateway.

🚀 Advanced Projects

1️⃣1️⃣ Blockchain Voting System – Decentralized & tamper-proof elections.
1️⃣2️⃣ Social Media Analytics Dashboard – Analyze engagement, reach & sentiment.
1️⃣3️⃣ AI Code Assistant – Suggest code improvements or detect bugs.
1️⃣4️⃣ IoT Smart Home App – Control devices using sensors and Raspberry Pi.
1️⃣5️⃣ AR/VR Simulation – Build immersive learning or game experiences.

💡 Tip: Build in public. Share your process on GitHub, LinkedIn & Twitter.

🔥 React ❤️ for more project ideas!