Evolution of Programming Languages🖥️


🔰Programming Languages🔰

1. JAVA:
More than 85% android apps are created using JAVA. It is also used in big (big means big) websites. It is a portable programming language which makes it easy to use on multi platforms.

2. Java Script:
Its a browser/client side language. It makes the webpage more interactive. Like for example when you enter a comment on Facebook then the whole page doesn’t load., just that comment is added. This kind of functionalities are added into webpages with JavaScript. Javascript brought about a revolution in webapps.

3. Assembly Language:
The most low level programming language because its nothing more than machine code written in human readable form. Its hard to write and you need to have deep understanding of computers to use this because you are really talking with it. Its very fast in terms of execution.

4. C:
Its a low level language too that’s why its fast. It is used to program operating system, computer games and software which need to be fast. It is hard to write but gives you more control of your computer.

5. C++ :
Its C with more features and those features make it more complex.

6. Perl:
A language which was developed to create small scripts easily . Programming in Perl is easy and efficient but the programs are comparatively slower.

7. Python:
Perl was made better and named Python. Its easy, efficient and flexible. You can automate things with python in a go.

8. Ruby:
Its similar to Python but it became popular when they created a web application development framework named Rails which lets developers to write their web application conveniently.

9. HTML and CSS:
HTML and CSS are languages not programming languages because they are just used display things on a website. They do not do any actual processing. HTML is used to create the basic structure of the website and then CSS is used to make it look good.

10. PHP:
It is used to process things in a website. It is server-sided language as it doesn’t get executed in user browser, but on the server. It can be used to generate dynamic webpage content.

11. SQL:
This is not exactly a programming language. It is used to interact with databases.

➡️ This list could be long because there are too many programming language but I introduced you to the popular ones.

❓Which Language Should Be Your First Programming Language?

✅ Suggestions..

1. Getting Started
Learn HTML & CSS. They are easy and will give you a basic idea of how programming works. You will be able to create your own webpages. After HTML you can go with PHP and SQL, so will have a good grasp over web designing and then you can go with python, C or Java. I assure you that PHP, HTML and SQL will be definitely useful in your hacking journey.

2. Understanding Computer And Programming Better
C..The classic C! C is one of the most foundational languages. If you learn C, you will have a deep knowledge of Computers and you will have a greater understanding of programming too, that will make you a better programmer. You will spend most of your time compiling though (just trying to crack a joke).

3. Too Eager To Create Programs?
Python! Python is very easy to learn and you can create a program which does something instead of programming calculators. Well Python doesn’t start you from the basics but with if you know python, you will be able to understand other languages better. One benefit of python is that you don’t need to compile the script to run it, just write one and run it.

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If you want to Excel at using one of the most powerful programming languages in the world, learn these essential Python features:

• List Comprehensions – [x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
• Lambda Functions – lambda x: x * 2
• Map, Filter, Reduce – Functional programming magic
• F-strings – f"Hello, {name}!" (Best way to format strings)
• Enumerate & Zip – Iterate smarter
• Generators & Yield – Efficient memory usage
• Exception Handling – try-except-finally for error-proof code
• Decorators – @staticmethod, @classmethod, @property
• Pandas & NumPy – Data manipulation & numerical computing
• Async Programming – Speed up tasks with asyncio

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People keep yelling that "Programming is Dead," and yet the demand for good Software Engineers has never been higher.

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Here are seven popular programming languages and their benefits:

1. Python:
- Benefits: Python is known for its simplicity and readability, making it a great choice for beginners. It has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks for various applications such as web development, data science, machine learning, and automation. Python's versatility and ease of use make it a popular choice for a wide range of projects.

2. JavaScript:
- Benefits: JavaScript is the language of the web, used for building interactive and dynamic websites. It is supported by all major browsers and has a large community of developers. JavaScript can also be used for server-side development (Node.js) and mobile app development (React Native). Its flexibility and wide range of applications make it a valuable language to learn.

3. Java:
- Benefits: Java is a robust, platform-independent language commonly used for building enterprise-level applications, mobile apps (Android), and large-scale systems. It has strong support for object-oriented programming principles and a rich ecosystem of libraries and tools. Java's stability, performance, and scalability make it a popular choice for building mission-critical applications.

4. C++:
- Benefits: C++ is a powerful and efficient language often used for system programming, game development, and high-performance applications. It provides low-level control over hardware and memory management while offering high-level abstractions for complex tasks. C++'s performance, versatility, and ability to work closely with hardware make it a preferred choice for performance-critical applications.

5. C#:
- Benefits: C# is a versatile language developed by Microsoft and commonly used for building Windows applications, web applications (with ASP.NET), and games (with Unity). It offers a modern syntax, strong type safety, and seamless integration with the .NET framework. C#'s ease of use, robustness, and support for various platforms make it a popular choice for developing a wide range of applications.

6. R:
- Benefits: R is a language specifically designed for statistical computing and data analysis. It has a rich set of built-in functions and packages for data manipulation, visualization, and machine learning. R's focus on data science, statistical modeling, and visualization makes it an ideal choice for researchers, analysts, and data scientists working with large datasets.

7. Swift:
- Benefits: Swift is Apple's modern programming language for developing iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS applications. It offers safety features to prevent common programming errors, high performance, and interoperability with Objective-C. Swift's clean syntax, powerful features, and seamless integration with Apple's platforms make it a preferred choice for building native applications in the Apple ecosystem.

These are just a few of the many programming languages available today, each with its unique strengths and use cases.

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HTML cheatsheet🔥🚀...

Algorithms for Coding Interviews 👆

Programmers 💪😂

DSA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the difference between file structure and storage structure?
The difference lies in the memory area accessed. Storage structure refers to the data structure in the memory of the computer system,
whereas file structure represents the storage structure in the auxiliary memory.

2. Are linked lists considered linear or non-linear Data Structures?
Linked lists are considered both linear and non-linear data structures depending upon the application they are used for. When used for
access strategies, it is considered as a linear data-structure. When used for data storage, it is considered a non-linear data structure.

3. How do you reference all of the elements in a one-dimension array?
All of the elements in a one-dimension array can be referenced using an indexed loop as the array subscript so that the counter runs
from 0 to the array size minus one.

4. What are dynamic Data Structures? Name a few.
They are collections of data in memory that expand and contract to grow or shrink in size as a program runs. This enables the programmer
to control exactly how much memory is to be utilized.Examples are the dynamic array, linked list, stack, queue, and heap.

5. What is a Dequeue?
It is a double-ended queue, or a data structure, where the elements can be inserted or deleted at both ends (FRONT and REAR).

6. What operations can be performed on queues?
enqueue() adds an element to the end of the queue
dequeue() removes an element from the front of the queue
init() is used for initializing the queue
isEmpty tests for whether or not the queue is empty
The front is used to get the value of the first data item but does not remove it
The rear is used to get the last item from a queue.

7. What is the merge sort? How does it work?
Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm for sorting the data. It works by merging and sorting adjacent data to create bigger sorted
lists, which are then merged recursively to form even bigger sorted lists until you have one single sorted list.

8.How does the Selection sort work?
Selection sort works by repeatedly picking the smallest number in ascending order from the list and placing it at the beginning. This process is repeated moving toward the end of the list or sorted subarray.

Scan all items and find the smallest. Switch over the position as the first item. Repeat the selection sort on the remaining N-1 items. We always iterate forward (i from 0 to N-1) and swap with the smallest element (always i).

Time complexity: best case O(n2); worst O(n2)

Space complexity: worst O(1)

9. What are the applications of graph Data Structure?
Transport grids where stations are represented as vertices and routes as the edges of the graph
Utility graphs of power or water, where vertices are connection points and edge the wires or pipes connecting them
Social network graphs to determine the flow of information and hotspots (edges and vertices)
Neural networks where vertices represent neurons and edge the synapses between them

10. What is an AVL tree?
An AVL (Adelson, Velskii, and Landi) tree is a height balancing binary search tree in which the difference of heights of the left
and right subtrees of any node is less than or equal to one. This controls the height of the binary search tree by not letting
it get skewed. This is used when working with a large data set, with continual pruning through insertion and deletion of data.

11. Differentiate NULL and VOID ?
Null is a value, whereas Void is a data type identifier
Null indicates an empty value for a variable, whereas void indicates pointers that have no initial size
Null means it never existed; Void means it existed but is not in effect

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Roadmap to Becoming a Python Developer 🚀

1. Basics 🌱
- Learn programming fundamentals and Python syntax.

2. Core Python 🧠
- Master data structures, functions, and OOP.

3. Advanced Python 📈
- Explore modules, file handling, and exceptions.

4. Web Development 🌐
- Use Django or Flask; build REST APIs.

5. Data Science 📊
- Learn NumPy, pandas, and Matplotlib.

6. Projects & Practice💡
- Build projects, contribute to open-source, join communities.

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ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍