Age of Programming Languages👨🏻‍💻

🦅 Swift (11 years old) (2014)
🚀 Kotlin (13 years old) (2011)
🦀 Rust (14 years old) (2010)
🐹 Go (15 years old) (2009)
🔷 TypeScript (12 years old) (2012)
🎸 C# (24 years old) (2000)
💎 Ruby (29 years old) (1995)
☕ Java (29 years old) (1995)
🌐 JavaScript (29 years old) (1995)
🐘 PHP (30 years old) (1994)
🐍 Python (34 years old) (1991)
🐪 Perl (37 years old) (1987)
🚀 C++ (39 years old) (1985)
📱 Objective-C (40 years old) (1984)
🔍 Prolog (52 years old) (1972)
🗣️ Smalltalk (52 years old) (1972)
🖥️ C (52 years old) (1972)
📝 Pascal (54 years old) (1970)
🎓 BASIC (60 years old) (1964)
💼 COBOL (65 years old) (1959)
🤖 Lisp (66 years old) (1958)
📜 Fortran (67 years old) (1957)

✅ Top Platforms to Practice Coding for Beginners 🧑‍💻🚀

1️⃣ LeetCode
– Best for Data Structures & Algorithms
– Ideal for interview prep (easy to hard levels)

2️⃣ HackerRank
– Practice Python, SQL, Java, and 30 Days of Code
– Also covers AI, databases, and regex

3️⃣ Codeforces
– Great for competitive programming
– Regular contests & strong community

4️⃣ Codewars
– Solve "Kata" (challenges) ranked by difficulty
– Clean interface and fun challenges

5️⃣ GeeksforGeeks
– Tons of articles + coding problems
– Covers both theory and practice

6️⃣ Exercism
– Mentor-based feedback
– Clean challenges in over 50 languages

7️⃣ Project Euler
– Math + programming-based problems
– Great for logical thinking

8️⃣ Replit
– Write and run code in-browser
– Build mini-projects without installing anything

9️⃣ Kaggle (for Data Science)
– Practice Python, Pandas, ML, and join competitions

🔟 GitHub
– Explore open-source code
– Contribute, learn, and build your portfolio

💡 Tip: Start with easy problems and stay consistent — 1 problem a day beats 10 in one day.

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Here are some tricky🧩 SQL interview questions!

1. Find the second-highest salary in a table without using LIMIT or TOP.

2. Write a SQL query to find all employees who earn more than their managers.

3. Find the duplicate rows in a table without using GROUP BY.

4. Write a SQL query to find the top 10% of earners in a table.

5. Find the cumulative sum of a column in a table.

6. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have never taken a leave.

7. Find the difference between the current row and the next row in a table.

8. Write a SQL query to find all departments with more than one employee.

9. Find the maximum value of a column for each group without using GROUP BY.

10. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have taken more than 3 leaves in a month.

These questions are designed to test your SQL skills, including your ability to write efficient queries, think creatively, and solve complex problems.

Here are the answers to these questions:

1. SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table WHERE salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table)

2. SELECT e1.* FROM employees e1 JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = (link unavailable) WHERE e1.salary > e2.salary

3. SELECT * FROM table WHERE rowid IN (SELECT rowid FROM table GROUP BY column HAVING COUNT(*) > 1)

4. SELECT * FROM table WHERE salary > (SELECT PERCENTILE_CONT(0.9) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary) FROM table)

5. SELECT column, SUM(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table

6. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT employee_id FROM leaves)

7. SELECT *, column - LEAD(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table

8. SELECT department FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 1

9. SELECT MAX(column) FROM table WHERE column NOT IN (SELECT MAX(column) FROM table GROUP BY group_column)

Here you can find essential SQL Interview Resources👇
https://t.iss.one/mysqldata

Like this post if you need more 👍❤️

Hope it helps :)

✅ Coding Basics You Should Know 👨‍💻

If you're starting your journey in programming, here are the core concepts every beginner must understand. These fundamentals apply across languages and form the building blocks of all code.

1️⃣ What is Coding?
Coding is writing instructions a computer can understand and execute. These instructions, called code, are written in programming languages like Python, JavaScript, or C++. Computers follow them step-by-step to perform tasks, from simple calculations to complex apps.

2️⃣ Programming Languages
Choose based on your goals:
⦁ Python – Beginner-friendly with simple syntax; ideal for automation, data analysis, and AI.
⦁ JavaScript – Powers interactive websites; essential for web development.
⦁ C++ / Java – For performance-critical apps, games, or systems; great for competitive programming.
All share syntax rules, variables, functions, and control flow. Start with one and practice consistently.

3️⃣ Variables & Data Types
Variables store and reuse data; data types define what kind of information they hold.

name = "Alice"  # string (text)
age = 25        # integer (whole number)
height = 5.9    # float (decimal)
is_student = True  # boolean (true/false)

Assign with =; choose types to match your data for efficiency.

4️⃣ Conditions & Loops
Make decisions (conditions) and repeat actions (loops).

# Condition
if age > 18:
    print("Adult")
else:
    print("Minor")

# Loop
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # Outputs 0 to 4

Use if/else for branches; for/while for iterations to avoid repetitive code.

5️⃣ Functions
Reusable code blocks that perform specific tasks, reducing duplication.

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

result = greet("Alice")  # Call the function
print(result)  # "Hello, Alice!"

Define with def; pass inputs (parameters) and return outputs.

6️⃣ Data Structures
Organize data for easy access and manipulation.
⦁ Lists / Arrays – Ordered collections: fruits = ["apple", "banana"].
⦁ Dictionaries / Maps – Key-value pairs: person = {"name": "John", "age": 30}.
⦁ Stacks & Queues – For LIFO/FIFO operations (e.g., undo in apps).
⦁ Sets – Unique, unordered items for fast lookups.
Choose based on needs: lists for sequences, dicts for associations.

7️⃣ Problem Solving (DSA)
Break problems into steps using Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA).
⦁ Algorithms: Step-by-step solutions like searching (linear/binary) or sorting (bubble/quick).
⦁ Logic & patterns: Identify inputs, processes, outputs; think recursively for trees.
⦁ Efficiency: Measure time/space complexity (Big O) to optimize code.
Practice on platforms like LeetCode to build intuition.

8️⃣ Debugging
Finding and fixing errors in code.
⦁ Use print() statements to check values mid-execution.
⦁ Leverage IDE tools (VS Code debugger, breakpoints) for step-through inspection.
Common bugs: Syntax errors (typos), logic errors (wrong output), runtime errors (crashes). Read error messages—they guide you.

9️⃣ Git & GitHub
Version control for tracking changes and collaborating.

git init          # Start a repo
git add.         # Stage files
git commit -m "Initial code"  # Save snapshot
git push          # Upload to GitHub

GitHub hosts code publicly; use branches for features, pull requests for reviews.

🔟 Build Projects
Apply concepts by creating:
⦁ Calculator – Practice math operations and user input.
⦁ To-Do List – Handle arrays, functions, and persistence.
⦁ Weather App – Fetch APIs with async code.
⦁ Portfolio Website – Combine HTML/CSS/JS for real-world output.
Start small, iterate, and deploy to showcase skills.

💡 Coding is best learned by doing. Practice daily on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, or Codewars. Join communities (Reddit's r/learnprogramming) for support.

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

i think here are my 10 Smart Learning 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙚𝙨 that i understand Lately .....really 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙡𝙮  it✌️

1. Learn in 𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙡 Blocks

✔️Don't overload your brain. Study 25–40 minutes, then rest 5–10 minutes.
Short sessions boost focus and memory.

2. 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙯𝙚 What You Learn

Create:
✔ key points
✔ mind maps
✔ bullet summaries
This helps your brain structure information.

3. 𝙧𝙚-𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙘𝙝 What You Know

✔️Explain the topic to someone else—or even to yourself.
If you can explain it simply, you truly understand it.

4.  𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣

✔️Re-read, review, and revisit information
after 1 day → 1 week → 1 month
This builds long-term memory.

5. Focus on 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜, Not Memorizing

Ask yourself:
“Why does this work?”
“How does this connect to what I already know?”

6. Set 𝙢𝙞𝙘𝙧𝙤-Goals

Instead of “learn everything,” say:
           “Today I will learn 3    definitions”
          “I will finish one chapter”

Small daily wins = big results.

✔️ 7. Learn Actively, 𝙣𝙤𝙩 Passively

Avoid only reading or highlighting.
Do this instead:
✔️practice questions
✔️make notes
✔️ solve tasks
✔️ repeat aloud

8. Use 𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙩 𝙩𝙤𝙤𝙡𝙨

✔️planners
▫️Use smart apps that hulp for planning like NOTION
They save time and accelerate learning.

9. 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙧𝙚 of Your Brain

✔ enough sleep
✔ water
✔ movement
✔ good diet
Your brain learns better when your body is fine.

10. Make Learning 𝙛𝙪𝙣

Connect learning with interest:
✔️ gamify your progress
✔️explore beyond the standard
✔️ reward yourself

✅ Essential Programming Acronyms You Should Know 💻🧠

API → Application Programming Interface
IDE → Integrated Development Environment
OOP → Object-Oriented Programming
HTML → HyperText Markup Language
CSS → Cascading Style Sheets
SQL → Structured Query Language
JSON → JavaScript Object Notation
DOM → Document Object Model
CRUD → Create, Read, Update, Delete
SDK → Software Development Kit
UI → User Interface
UX → User Experience
CLI → Command Line Interface
HTTP → HyperText Transfer Protocol
REST → Representational State Transfer

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!