Quick SQL functions cheat sheet for beginners

Aggregate Functions

COUNT(*): Counts rows.

SUM(column): Total sum.

AVG(column): Average value.

MAX(column): Maximum value.

MIN(column): Minimum value.


String Functions

CONCAT(a, b, …): Concatenates strings.

SUBSTRING(s, start, length): Extracts part of a string.

UPPER(s) / LOWER(s): Converts string case.

TRIM(s): Removes leading/trailing spaces.


Date & Time Functions

CURRENT_DATE / CURRENT_TIME / CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: Current date/time.

EXTRACT(unit FROM date): Retrieves a date part (e.g., year, month).

DATE_ADD(date, INTERVAL n unit): Adds an interval to a date.


Numeric Functions

ROUND(num, decimals): Rounds to a specified decimal.

CEIL(num) / FLOOR(num): Rounds up/down.

ABS(num): Absolute value.

MOD(a, b): Returns the remainder.


Control Flow Functions

CASE: Conditional logic.

COALESCE(val1, val2, …): Returns the first non-null value.


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Let me explain all the major programming languages in detail so you can better understand which one would be the best fit for you starting with Python

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Python is beginner-friendly, used in web dev, data science, AI, automation, and is often the first choice for programming newbies.

Step 1: Learn the Basics
Time: 1–2 weeks

Variables (name = "John")

Data Types (int, float, string, list, etc.)

Input and Output (input(), print())

Operators (+, -, *, /, %, //)

Indentation and Syntax rules


*Practice Ideas:*

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Create a name greeter

Make a temperature converter


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Time: 1 week

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Step 3: Data Structures in Python
Time: 1–2 weeks

- Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries

- List Methods: append(), remove(), sort()

- Dictionary Methods: get(), keys(), values()


Practice Ideas:

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Time: 1 week

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*Practice Ideas:*

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Time: 1 week

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Practice Ideas:

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Time: 1–2 weeks

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*Practice Ideas* :

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Projects: Image classification, face detection, chatbots

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- Upload code to GitHub

- Start with 2–3 real-world projects

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*Practice daily – consistency matters more than speed*

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