DSA Handwritten Notes
❤5👍2
Important skills every self-taught developer should master:
💻 HTML, CSS & JavaScript — the foundation of web development
⚙️ Git & GitHub — track changes and collaborate effectively
🧠 Problem-solving — break down and debug complex issues
🗄️ Basic SQL — manage and query data efficiently
🧩 APIs — fetch and use data from external sources
🧱 Frameworks — like React, Flask, or Django to build faster
🧼 Clean Code — write readable, maintainable code
📦 Package Managers — like npm or pip for managing libraries
🚀 Deployment — host your projects for the world to see
Web Development Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z
💻 HTML, CSS & JavaScript — the foundation of web development
⚙️ Git & GitHub — track changes and collaborate effectively
🧠 Problem-solving — break down and debug complex issues
🗄️ Basic SQL — manage and query data efficiently
🧩 APIs — fetch and use data from external sources
🧱 Frameworks — like React, Flask, or Django to build faster
🧼 Clean Code — write readable, maintainable code
📦 Package Managers — like npm or pip for managing libraries
🚀 Deployment — host your projects for the world to see
Web Development Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z
👍1
Don't overwhelm to learn JavaScript, JavaScript is only this much
1.Variables
• var
• let
• const
2. Data Types
• number
• string
• boolean
• null
• undefined
• symbol
3.Declaring variables
• var
• let
• const
4.Expressions
Primary expressions
• this
• Literals
• []
• {}
• function
• class
• function*
• async function
• async function*
• /ab+c/i
• string
• ( )
Left-hand-side expressions
• Property accessors
• ?.
• new
• new .target
• import.iss.oneta
• super
• import()
5.operators
• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Comparison Operators: ==, ===, !=, !==, <, >, <=, >=
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
6.Control Structures
• if
• else if
• else
• switch
• case
• default
7.Iterations/Loop
• do...while
• for
• for...in
• for...of
• for await...of
• while
8.Functions
• Arrow Functions
• Default parameters
• Rest parameters
• arguments
• Method definitions
• getter
• setter
9.Objects and Arrays
• Object Literal: { key: value }
• Array Literal: [element1, element2, ...]
• Object Methods and Properties
• Array Methods: push(), pop(), shift(), unshift(),
splice(), slice(), forEach(), map(), filter()
10.Classes and Prototypes
• Class Declaration
• Constructor Functions
• Prototypal Inheritance
• extends keyword
• super keyword
• Private class features
• Public class fields
• static
• Static initialization blocks
11.Error Handling
• try,
• catch,
• finally (exception handling)
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
12.Closures
• Lexical Scope
• Function Scope
• Closure Use Cases
13.Asynchronous JavaScript
• Callback Functions
• Promises
• async/await Syntax
• Fetch API
• XMLHttpRequest
14.Modules
• import and export Statements (ES6 Modules)
• CommonJS Modules (require, module.exports)
15.Event Handling
• Event Listeners
• Event Object
• Bubbling and Capturing
16.DOM Manipulation
• Selecting DOM Elements
• Modifying Element Properties
• Creating and Appending Elements
17.Regular Expressions
• Pattern Matching
• RegExp Methods: test(), exec(), match(), replace()
18.Browser APIs
• localStorage and sessionStorage
• navigator Object
• Geolocation API
• Canvas API
19.Web APIs
• setTimeout(), setInterval()
• XMLHttpRequest
• Fetch API
• WebSockets
20.Functional Programming
• Higher-Order Functions
• map(), reduce(), filter()
• Pure Functions and Immutability
21.Promises and Asynchronous Patterns
• Promise Chaining
• Error Handling with Promises
• Async/Await
22.ES6+ Features
• Template Literals
• Destructuring Assignment
• Rest and Spread Operators
• Arrow Functions
• Classes and Inheritance
• Default Parameters
• let, const Block Scoping
23.Browser Object Model (BOM)
• window Object
• history Object
• location Object
• navigator Object
24.Node.js Specific Concepts
• require()
• Node.js Modules (module.exports)
• File System Module (fs)
• npm (Node Package Manager)
25.Testing Frameworks
• Jasmine
• Mocha
• Jest
1.Variables
• var
• let
• const
2. Data Types
• number
• string
• boolean
• null
• undefined
• symbol
3.Declaring variables
• var
• let
• const
4.Expressions
Primary expressions
• this
• Literals
• []
• {}
• function
• class
• function*
• async function
• async function*
• /ab+c/i
• string
• ( )
Left-hand-side expressions
• Property accessors
• ?.
• new
• new .target
• import.iss.oneta
• super
• import()
5.operators
• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Comparison Operators: ==, ===, !=, !==, <, >, <=, >=
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
6.Control Structures
• if
• else if
• else
• switch
• case
• default
7.Iterations/Loop
• do...while
• for
• for...in
• for...of
• for await...of
• while
8.Functions
• Arrow Functions
• Default parameters
• Rest parameters
• arguments
• Method definitions
• getter
• setter
9.Objects and Arrays
• Object Literal: { key: value }
• Array Literal: [element1, element2, ...]
• Object Methods and Properties
• Array Methods: push(), pop(), shift(), unshift(),
splice(), slice(), forEach(), map(), filter()
10.Classes and Prototypes
• Class Declaration
• Constructor Functions
• Prototypal Inheritance
• extends keyword
• super keyword
• Private class features
• Public class fields
• static
• Static initialization blocks
11.Error Handling
• try,
• catch,
• finally (exception handling)
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
12.Closures
• Lexical Scope
• Function Scope
• Closure Use Cases
13.Asynchronous JavaScript
• Callback Functions
• Promises
• async/await Syntax
• Fetch API
• XMLHttpRequest
14.Modules
• import and export Statements (ES6 Modules)
• CommonJS Modules (require, module.exports)
15.Event Handling
• Event Listeners
• Event Object
• Bubbling and Capturing
16.DOM Manipulation
• Selecting DOM Elements
• Modifying Element Properties
• Creating and Appending Elements
17.Regular Expressions
• Pattern Matching
• RegExp Methods: test(), exec(), match(), replace()
18.Browser APIs
• localStorage and sessionStorage
• navigator Object
• Geolocation API
• Canvas API
19.Web APIs
• setTimeout(), setInterval()
• XMLHttpRequest
• Fetch API
• WebSockets
20.Functional Programming
• Higher-Order Functions
• map(), reduce(), filter()
• Pure Functions and Immutability
21.Promises and Asynchronous Patterns
• Promise Chaining
• Error Handling with Promises
• Async/Await
22.ES6+ Features
• Template Literals
• Destructuring Assignment
• Rest and Spread Operators
• Arrow Functions
• Classes and Inheritance
• Default Parameters
• let, const Block Scoping
23.Browser Object Model (BOM)
• window Object
• history Object
• location Object
• navigator Object
24.Node.js Specific Concepts
• require()
• Node.js Modules (module.exports)
• File System Module (fs)
• npm (Node Package Manager)
25.Testing Frameworks
• Jasmine
• Mocha
• Jest
👍4
Master Javascript :
The JavaScript Tree 👇
|
|── Variables
| ├── var
| ├── let
| └── const
|
|── Data Types
| ├── String
| ├── Number
| ├── Boolean
| ├── Object
| ├── Array
| ├── Null
| └── Undefined
|
|── Operators
| ├── Arithmetic
| ├── Assignment
| ├── Comparison
| ├── Logical
| ├── Unary
| └── Ternary (Conditional)
||── Control Flow
| ├── if statement
| ├── else statement
| ├── else if statement
| ├── switch statement
| ├── for loop
| ├── while loop
| └── do-while loop
|
|── Functions
| ├── Function declaration
| ├── Function expression
| ├── Arrow function
| └── IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression)
|
|── Scope
| ├── Global scope
| ├── Local scope
| ├── Block scope
| └── Lexical scope
||── Arrays
| ├── Array methods
| | ├── push()
| | ├── pop()
| | ├── shift()
| | ├── unshift()
| | ├── splice()
| | ├── slice()
| | └── concat()
| └── Array iteration
| ├── forEach()
| ├── map()
| ├── filter()
| └── reduce()|
|── Objects
| ├── Object properties
| | ├── Dot notation
| | └── Bracket notation
| ├── Object methods
| | ├── Object.keys()
| | ├── Object.values()
| | └── Object.entries()
| └── Object destructuring
||── Promises
| ├── Promise states
| | ├── Pending
| | ├── Fulfilled
| | └── Rejected
| ├── Promise methods
| | ├── then()
| | ├── catch()
| | └── finally()
| └── Promise.all()
|
|── Asynchronous JavaScript
| ├── Callbacks
| ├── Promises
| └── Async/Await
|
|── Error Handling
| ├── try...catch statement
| └── throw statement
|
|── JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
||── Modules
| ├── import
| └── export
|
|── DOM Manipulation
| ├── Selecting elements
| ├── Modifying elements
| └── Creating elements
|
|── Events
| ├── Event listeners
| ├── Event propagation
| └── Event delegation
|
|── AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
|
|── Fetch API
||── ES6+ Features
| ├── Template literals
| ├── Destructuring assignment
| ├── Spread/rest operator
| ├── Arrow functions
| ├── Classes
| ├── let and const
| ├── Default parameters
| ├── Modules
| └── Promises
|
|── Web APIs
| ├── Local Storage
| ├── Session Storage
| └── Web Storage API
|
|── Libraries and Frameworks
| ├── React
| ├── Angular
| └── Vue.js
||── Debugging
| ├── Console.log()
| ├── Breakpoints
| └── DevTools
|
|── Others
| ├── Closures
| ├── Callbacks
| ├── Prototypes
| ├── this keyword
| ├── Hoisting
| └── Strict mode
|
| END __
The JavaScript Tree 👇
|
|── Variables
| ├── var
| ├── let
| └── const
|
|── Data Types
| ├── String
| ├── Number
| ├── Boolean
| ├── Object
| ├── Array
| ├── Null
| └── Undefined
|
|── Operators
| ├── Arithmetic
| ├── Assignment
| ├── Comparison
| ├── Logical
| ├── Unary
| └── Ternary (Conditional)
||── Control Flow
| ├── if statement
| ├── else statement
| ├── else if statement
| ├── switch statement
| ├── for loop
| ├── while loop
| └── do-while loop
|
|── Functions
| ├── Function declaration
| ├── Function expression
| ├── Arrow function
| └── IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression)
|
|── Scope
| ├── Global scope
| ├── Local scope
| ├── Block scope
| └── Lexical scope
||── Arrays
| ├── Array methods
| | ├── push()
| | ├── pop()
| | ├── shift()
| | ├── unshift()
| | ├── splice()
| | ├── slice()
| | └── concat()
| └── Array iteration
| ├── forEach()
| ├── map()
| ├── filter()
| └── reduce()|
|── Objects
| ├── Object properties
| | ├── Dot notation
| | └── Bracket notation
| ├── Object methods
| | ├── Object.keys()
| | ├── Object.values()
| | └── Object.entries()
| └── Object destructuring
||── Promises
| ├── Promise states
| | ├── Pending
| | ├── Fulfilled
| | └── Rejected
| ├── Promise methods
| | ├── then()
| | ├── catch()
| | └── finally()
| └── Promise.all()
|
|── Asynchronous JavaScript
| ├── Callbacks
| ├── Promises
| └── Async/Await
|
|── Error Handling
| ├── try...catch statement
| └── throw statement
|
|── JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
||── Modules
| ├── import
| └── export
|
|── DOM Manipulation
| ├── Selecting elements
| ├── Modifying elements
| └── Creating elements
|
|── Events
| ├── Event listeners
| ├── Event propagation
| └── Event delegation
|
|── AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
|
|── Fetch API
||── ES6+ Features
| ├── Template literals
| ├── Destructuring assignment
| ├── Spread/rest operator
| ├── Arrow functions
| ├── Classes
| ├── let and const
| ├── Default parameters
| ├── Modules
| └── Promises
|
|── Web APIs
| ├── Local Storage
| ├── Session Storage
| └── Web Storage API
|
|── Libraries and Frameworks
| ├── React
| ├── Angular
| └── Vue.js
||── Debugging
| ├── Console.log()
| ├── Breakpoints
| └── DevTools
|
|── Others
| ├── Closures
| ├── Callbacks
| ├── Prototypes
| ├── this keyword
| ├── Hoisting
| └── Strict mode
|
| END __
👍4❤1
📌 Python Cheatsheet: Master the Foundations & Beyond
Start learning Python →
⬇️ Core Python Building Blocks
Basic Commands
→ print() – Display output
→ input() – Get user input
→ len() – Get length of a data structure
→ type() – Get variable type
→ range() – Generate a sequence
→ help() – Get documentation
Data Types
→ int, float, bool, str – Numbers & text
→ list, tuple, dict, set – Data collections
Control Structures
→ if / elif / else – Conditional logic
→ for, while – Loops
→ break, continue, pass – Loop control
⬇️ Advanced Concepts
Functions & Classes
→ def, return, lambda – Define functions
→ class, init, self – Object-oriented programming
Modules
→ import, from ... import – Reuse code
⬇️ Special Tools
Exception Handling
→ try, except, finally, raise – Handle errors
File Handling
→ open(), read(), write(), close() – Manage files
Decorators & Generators
→ @decorator, yield – Extend or pause functions
List Comprehension
→ [x for x in list if condition] – Create lists efficiently
Like for more ❤️
Start learning Python →
⬇️ Core Python Building Blocks
Basic Commands
→ print() – Display output
→ input() – Get user input
→ len() – Get length of a data structure
→ type() – Get variable type
→ range() – Generate a sequence
→ help() – Get documentation
Data Types
→ int, float, bool, str – Numbers & text
→ list, tuple, dict, set – Data collections
Control Structures
→ if / elif / else – Conditional logic
→ for, while – Loops
→ break, continue, pass – Loop control
⬇️ Advanced Concepts
Functions & Classes
→ def, return, lambda – Define functions
→ class, init, self – Object-oriented programming
Modules
→ import, from ... import – Reuse code
⬇️ Special Tools
Exception Handling
→ try, except, finally, raise – Handle errors
File Handling
→ open(), read(), write(), close() – Manage files
Decorators & Generators
→ @decorator, yield – Extend or pause functions
List Comprehension
→ [x for x in list if condition] – Create lists efficiently
Like for more ❤️
❤6👍3
Backend Development – Essential Concepts 🚀
1️⃣ Backend vs. Frontend
Frontend – Handles UI/UX (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, Vue).
Backend – Manages server, database, APIs, and business logic.
2️⃣ Backend Programming Languages
Python – Django, Flask, FastAPI.
JavaScript – Node.js, Express.js.
Java – Spring Boot.
PHP – Laravel.
Ruby – Ruby on Rails.
Go – Gin, Echo.
3️⃣ Databases
SQL Databases – MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL, MariaDB.
NoSQL Databases – MongoDB, Firebase, Cassandra, DynamoDB.
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) – SQLAlchemy (Python), Sequelize (Node.js).
4️⃣ APIs & Web Services
REST API – Uses HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
GraphQL – Flexible API querying.
WebSockets – Real-time communication.
gRPC – High-performance communication.
5️⃣ Authentication & Security
JWT (JSON Web Token) – Secure user authentication.
OAuth 2.0 – Third-party authentication (Google, Facebook).
Hashing & Encryption – Protecting user data (bcrypt, AES).
CORS & CSRF Protection – Prevent security vulnerabilities.
6️⃣ Server & Hosting
Cloud Providers – AWS, Google Cloud, Azure.
Serverless Computing – AWS Lambda, Firebase Functions.
Docker & Kubernetes – Containerization and orchestration.
7️⃣ Caching & Performance Optimization
Redis & Memcached – Fast data caching.
Load Balancing – Distribute traffic efficiently.
CDN (Content Delivery Network) – Faster content delivery.
8️⃣ DevOps & Deployment
CI/CD Pipelines – GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI.
Monitoring & Logging – Prometheus, ELK Stack.
Version Control – Git, GitHub, GitLab.
Like it if you need a complete tutorial on all these topics! 👍❤️
Web Development Best Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1️⃣ Backend vs. Frontend
Frontend – Handles UI/UX (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, Vue).
Backend – Manages server, database, APIs, and business logic.
2️⃣ Backend Programming Languages
Python – Django, Flask, FastAPI.
JavaScript – Node.js, Express.js.
Java – Spring Boot.
PHP – Laravel.
Ruby – Ruby on Rails.
Go – Gin, Echo.
3️⃣ Databases
SQL Databases – MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL, MariaDB.
NoSQL Databases – MongoDB, Firebase, Cassandra, DynamoDB.
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) – SQLAlchemy (Python), Sequelize (Node.js).
4️⃣ APIs & Web Services
REST API – Uses HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
GraphQL – Flexible API querying.
WebSockets – Real-time communication.
gRPC – High-performance communication.
5️⃣ Authentication & Security
JWT (JSON Web Token) – Secure user authentication.
OAuth 2.0 – Third-party authentication (Google, Facebook).
Hashing & Encryption – Protecting user data (bcrypt, AES).
CORS & CSRF Protection – Prevent security vulnerabilities.
6️⃣ Server & Hosting
Cloud Providers – AWS, Google Cloud, Azure.
Serverless Computing – AWS Lambda, Firebase Functions.
Docker & Kubernetes – Containerization and orchestration.
7️⃣ Caching & Performance Optimization
Redis & Memcached – Fast data caching.
Load Balancing – Distribute traffic efficiently.
CDN (Content Delivery Network) – Faster content delivery.
8️⃣ DevOps & Deployment
CI/CD Pipelines – GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI.
Monitoring & Logging – Prometheus, ELK Stack.
Version Control – Git, GitHub, GitLab.
Like it if you need a complete tutorial on all these topics! 👍❤️
Web Development Best Resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
👍2❤1
9 tips to learn Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA) effectively:
Master one language first (like Python, Java, or C++)
Start with basics: arrays, strings, linked lists
Practice consistently on coding platforms
Visualize problems to understand them better
Learn patterns — sliding window, two pointers, recursion
Understand time and space complexity
Solve problems before reading solutions
Revisit and revise tough problems
Build a strong foundation before diving into advanced topics
Coding Interview Resources:👇 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VammZijATRSlLxywEC3X
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
Master one language first (like Python, Java, or C++)
Start with basics: arrays, strings, linked lists
Practice consistently on coding platforms
Visualize problems to understand them better
Learn patterns — sliding window, two pointers, recursion
Understand time and space complexity
Solve problems before reading solutions
Revisit and revise tough problems
Build a strong foundation before diving into advanced topics
Coding Interview Resources:👇 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VammZijATRSlLxywEC3X
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
👍5❤1
🔗 Master 8 Essential Machine Learning Algorithms
❤5
🏟 Here is a complete roadmap to learn Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) 🏟
1. Basics of Programming: Start by learning the basics of a programming language like Python, Java, or C++. Understand concepts like variables, loops, functions, and arrays.
2. Data Structures: Study fundamental data structures like arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Understand the operations that can be performed on these data structures and their time complexities.
3. Algorithms: Learn common algorithms like searching, sorting, recursion, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and divide and conquer. Understand how these algorithms work and their time complexities.
4. Problem Solving: Practice solving coding problems on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, or Codeforces. Start with easy problems and gradually move to medium and hard problems.
5. Complexity Analysis: Learn how to analyze the time and space complexity of algorithms. Understand Big O notation and how to calculate the complexity of different algorithms.
6. Advanced Data Structures: Study advanced data structures like AVL trees, B-trees, tries, segment trees, and fenwick trees. Understand when and how to use these data structures in problem-solving.
7. Graph Algorithms: Learn graph traversal algorithms like BFS and DFS. Study algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall algorithm for shortest path problems.
8. Dynamic Programming: Master dynamic programming techniques for solving complex problems efficiently. Practice solving dynamic programming problems to build your skills.
9. Practice and Review: Regularly practice coding problems and review your solutions. Analyze your mistakes and learn from them to improve your problem-solving skills.
10. Mock Interviews: Prepare for technical interviews by participating in mock interviews and solving interview-style coding problems. Practice explaining your thought process and reasoning behind your solutions.
Best DSA RESOURCES: https://topmate.io/coding/886874
All the best 👍👍
1. Basics of Programming: Start by learning the basics of a programming language like Python, Java, or C++. Understand concepts like variables, loops, functions, and arrays.
2. Data Structures: Study fundamental data structures like arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Understand the operations that can be performed on these data structures and their time complexities.
3. Algorithms: Learn common algorithms like searching, sorting, recursion, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and divide and conquer. Understand how these algorithms work and their time complexities.
4. Problem Solving: Practice solving coding problems on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, or Codeforces. Start with easy problems and gradually move to medium and hard problems.
5. Complexity Analysis: Learn how to analyze the time and space complexity of algorithms. Understand Big O notation and how to calculate the complexity of different algorithms.
6. Advanced Data Structures: Study advanced data structures like AVL trees, B-trees, tries, segment trees, and fenwick trees. Understand when and how to use these data structures in problem-solving.
7. Graph Algorithms: Learn graph traversal algorithms like BFS and DFS. Study algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall algorithm for shortest path problems.
8. Dynamic Programming: Master dynamic programming techniques for solving complex problems efficiently. Practice solving dynamic programming problems to build your skills.
9. Practice and Review: Regularly practice coding problems and review your solutions. Analyze your mistakes and learn from them to improve your problem-solving skills.
10. Mock Interviews: Prepare for technical interviews by participating in mock interviews and solving interview-style coding problems. Practice explaining your thought process and reasoning behind your solutions.
Best DSA RESOURCES: https://topmate.io/coding/886874
All the best 👍👍
❤4