✔️📚A beginner's roadmap for learning SQL:

🔺Understand Basics:
Learn what SQL is and its purpose in managing relational databases.
Understand basic database concepts like tables, rows, columns, and relationships.

🔺Learn SQL Syntax:
Familiarize yourself with SQL syntax for common commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
Understand clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and JOIN.

🔺Setup a Database:
Install a relational database management system (RDBMS) like MySQL, SQLite, or PostgreSQL.
Practice creating databases, tables, and inserting data.

🔺Retrieve Data (SELECT):
Learn to retrieve data from a database using SELECT statements.
Practice filtering data using WHERE clause and sorting using ORDER BY.

🔺Modify Data (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE):
Understand how to insert new records, update existing ones, and delete data.
Be cautious with DELETE to avoid unintentional data loss.

🔺Working with Functions:
Explore SQL functions like COUNT, AVG, SUM, MAX, MIN for data analysis.
Understand string functions, date functions, and mathematical functions.

🔺Data Filtering and Sorting:
Learn advanced filtering techniques using AND, OR, and IN operators.
Practice sorting data using multiple columns.

🔺Table Relationships (JOIN):
Understand the concept of joining tables to retrieve data from multiple tables.
Learn about INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

🔺Grouping and Aggregation:
Explore GROUP BY clause to group data based on specific columns.
Understand aggregate functions for summarizing data (SUM, AVG, COUNT).

🔺Subqueries:
Learn to use subqueries to perform complex queries.
Understand how to use subqueries in SELECT, WHERE, and FROM clauses.

🔺Indexes and Optimization:
Gain knowledge about indexes and their role in optimizing queries.
Understand how to optimize SQL queries for better performance.

🔺Transactions and ACID Properties:
Learn about transactions and the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).
Understand how to use transactions to maintain data integrity.

🔺Normalization:
Understand the basics of database normalization to design efficient databases.
Learn about 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF.

🔺Backup and Recovery:
Understand the importance of database backups.
Learn how to perform backups and recovery operations.

🔺Practice and Projects:
Apply your knowledge through hands-on projects.
Practice on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, or build your own small database-driven projects.

👀👍Remember to practice regularly and build real-world projects to reinforce your learning.

Happy Learning 🥳 📚

YouTube Channels to learn Data Analysis

Data Analyst Vs Data Scientist

**Data Analyst******
Focus: Data analysts primarily work with existing data sets to extract meaningful insights and draw conclusions.
Skills: They possess strong skills in data cleaning, data visualization, and statistical analysis. They are proficient in tools like Excel, SQL, and data visualization software.
Responsibilities: Data analysts are responsible for gathering, organizing, and cleaning data. They perform exploratory data analysis, generate reports, and create visualizations to communicate findings to stakeholders.
Goals: They aim to identify trends, patterns, and correlations within the data, and provide actionable recommendations based on their analysis.
Domain Expertise: They may specialize in specific business domains and apply their analytical skills to solve domain-specific problems.

***Data Scientist:***
Focus: Data scientists are involved in both analyzing existing data and developing predictive models or algorithms to solve complex problems.
Skills: They have a strong foundation in mathematics, statistics, programming, and machine learning. They are proficient in languages like Python or R and have knowledge of advanced statistical techniques.
Responsibilities: Data scientists collect and analyze data, develop and implement predictive models and algorithms, and apply machine learning techniques to extract insights and make predictions. They also work on data preprocessing, feature engineering, and model evaluation.
Goals: They aim to uncover hidden patterns, create predictive models, and make data-driven decisions. They often deal with large volumes of unstructured or complex data.
Domain Expertise: They possess a deep understanding of statistical and machine learning concepts and can apply their expertise across various domains.
In summary, data analysts focus on analyzing and interpreting existing data sets to generate insights, while data scientists have a broader skill set and are involved in developing models and algorithms to solve complex problems. Data scientists require a deeper knowledge of mathematics, statistics, and programming, including machine learning techniques.

7 Essential Data Analysis Techniques You Need to Know in 2025

✅ Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) – Uncover patterns, spot anomalies, and visualize distributions before diving deeper
✅ Time Series Analysis – Analyze trends over time, forecast future values (using ARIMA or Prophet)
✅ Hypothesis Testing – Use statistical tests (T-tests, Chi-square) to validate assumptions and claims
✅ Regression Analysis – Predict continuous variables using linear or non-linear models
✅ Cluster Analysis – Group similar data points using K-means or hierarchical clustering
✅ Dimensionality Reduction – Simplify complex datasets using PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
✅ Classification Algorithms – Predict categorical outcomes with decision trees, random forests, and SVMs

Mastering these will give you the edge in any data analysis role.

Free Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaGgzAk72WTmQFERKh02

Excel vs SQL vs Python (pandas):

1️⃣ Filtering Data
↳ Excel: =FILTER(A2:D100, B2:B100>50) (Excel 365 users)
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table WHERE column > 50;
↳ Python: df_filtered = df[df['column'] > 50]

2️⃣ Sorting Data
↳ Excel: Data → Sort (or =SORT(A2:A100, 1, TRUE))
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY column ASC;
↳ Python: df_sorted = df.sort_values(by="column")

3️⃣ Counting Rows
↳ Excel: =COUNTA(A:A)
↳ SQL: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table;
↳ Python: row_count = len(df)

4️⃣ Removing Duplicates
↳ Excel: Data → Remove Duplicates
↳ SQL: SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table;
↳ Python: df_unique = df.drop_duplicates()

5️⃣ Joining Tables
↳ Excel: Power Query → Merge Queries (or VLOOKUP/XLOOKUP)
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;
↳ Python: df_merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, on="id")

6️⃣ Ranking Data
↳ Excel: =RANK.EQ(A2, $A$2:$A$100)
↳ SQL: SELECT column, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY column DESC) AS rank FROM table;
↳ Python: df["rank"] = df["column"].rank(method="min", ascending=False)

7️⃣ Moving Average Calculation
↳ Excel: =AVERAGE(B2:B4) (manually for rolling window)
↳ SQL: SELECT date, AVG(value) OVER (ORDER BY date ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS moving_avg FROM table;
↳ Python: df["moving_avg"] = df["value"].rolling(window=3).mean()

8️⃣ Running Total
↳ Excel: =SUM($B$2:B2) (drag down)
↳ SQL: SELECT date, SUM(value) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS running_total FROM table;
↳ Python: df["running_total"] = df["value"].cumsum()

React with ♥️ for more free resources

I’m a data analyst

2022:

. Got my first analyst job
. Never used PowerBi
. Only knew Pivot tables
. Didn’t really understand SQL

2025:

. 2 years data consulting
. Lead analyst for $100m project
. Love my job and look forward to Mondays

A lot can change in 3 years - Never Give Up.

For data analysts working with Python, mastering these top 10 concepts is essential:

1. Data Structures: Understand fundamental data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, as well as libraries like NumPy and Pandas for more advanced data manipulation.

2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Learn techniques for cleaning and preprocessing data, including handling missing values, removing duplicates, and standardizing data formats.

3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Use libraries like Pandas, Matplotlib, and Seaborn to perform EDA, visualize data distributions, identify patterns, and explore relationships between variables.

4. Data Visualization: Master visualization libraries such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Plotly to create various plots and charts for effective data communication and storytelling.

5. Statistical Analysis: Gain proficiency in statistical concepts and methods for analyzing data distributions, conducting hypothesis tests, and deriving insights from data.

6. Machine Learning Basics: Familiarize yourself with machine learning algorithms and techniques for regression, classification, clustering, and dimensionality reduction using libraries like Scikit-learn.

7. Data Manipulation with Pandas: Learn advanced data manipulation techniques using Pandas, including merging, grouping, pivoting, and reshaping datasets.

8. Data Wrangling with Regular Expressions: Understand how to use regular expressions (regex) in Python to extract, clean, and manipulate text data efficiently.

9. SQL and Database Integration: Acquire basic SQL skills for querying databases directly from Python using libraries like SQLAlchemy or integrating with databases such as SQLite or MySQL.

10. Web Scraping and API Integration: Explore methods for retrieving data from websites using web scraping libraries like BeautifulSoup or interacting with APIs to access and analyze data from various sources.

Give credits while sharing: https://t.iss.one/pythonanalyst

ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

Want to make a transition to a career in data?

Here is a 7-step plan for each data role

Data Scientist

Statistics and Math: Advanced statistics, linear algebra, calculus.
Machine Learning: Supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms.
xData Wrangling: Cleaning and transforming datasets.
Big Data: Hadoop, Spark, SQL/NoSQL databases.
Data Visualization: Matplotlib, Seaborn, D3.js.
Domain Knowledge: Industry-specific data science applications.

Data Analyst

Data Visualization: Tableau, Power BI, Excel for visualizations.
SQL: Querying and managing databases.
Statistics: Basic statistical analysis and probability.
Excel: Data manipulation and analysis.
Python/R: Programming for data analysis.
Data Cleaning: Techniques for data preprocessing.
Business Acumen: Understanding business context for insights.

Data Engineer

SQL/NoSQL Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra.
ETL Tools: Apache NiFi, Talend, Informatica.
Big Data: Hadoop, Spark, Kafka.
Programming: Python, Java, Scala.
Data Warehousing: Redshift, BigQuery, Snowflake.
Cloud Platforms: AWS, GCP, Azure.
Data Modeling: Designing and implementing data models.

#data

📖 Starter Kit 2025 - Data Analyst

9 secrets about Data Storytelling every analyst should know (number 6 is a must):

1/ Start with the end in mind—what’s the key takeaway?

2/ Don’t just present numbers—explain the 'so what' behind them.

3/ Data should drive decisions—frame your analysis as a solution to a problem.

#DataAnalytics

4/ Visualise trends over time to tell a story.

5/ Add context to your data—it makes your insights relevant.

6/ Speak the language of your audience—simplify complex terms.

7/ Use metaphors or analogies to explain difficult concepts. Don't use professional jargon.

8/ Include both the big picture and the details—it appeals to different stakeholders.

9/ Conclude with a call to action—what should they do next?

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Data Analysis vs Data Science

Data analysis often focuses on interpreting and summarizing existing data, requiring skills like statistical analysis, SQL, and data visualization.
On the other hand, data science involves a broader set of skills, including machine learning, predictive modeling, and advanced programming.

In essence, data analysis is a subset of data science, with data scientists often having a more extensive toolkit for handling complex and unstructured data.

Free Resources to become data analyst -> https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sql-analysts_freecertificates-dataanalysts-python-activity-7113004712412524545-Uw4k

Steps to become data scientist -> https://t.iss.one/learndataanalysis/559

TOP CONCEPTS FOR INTERVIEW PREPARATION!!

🚀TOP 10 SQL Concepts for Job Interview

1. Aggregate Functions (SUM/AVG)
2. Group By and Order By
3. JOINs (Inner/Left/Right)
4. Union and Union All
5. Date and Time processing
6. String processing
7. Window Functions (Partition by)
8. Subquery
9. View and Index
10. Common Table Expression (CTE)


🚀TOP 10 Statistics Concepts for Job Interview

1. Sampling
2. Experiments (A/B tests)
3. Descriptive Statistics
4. p-value
5. Probability Distributions
6. t-test
7. ANOVA
8. Correlation
9. Linear Regression
10. Logistics Regression


🚀TOP 10 Python Concepts for Job Interview

1. Reading data from file/table
2. Writing data to file/table
3. Data Types
4. Function
5. Data Preprocessing (numpy/pandas)
6. Data Visualisation (Matplotlib/seaborn/bokeh)
7. Machine Learning (sklearn)
8. Deep Learning (Tensorflow/Keras/PyTorch)
9. Distributed Processing (PySpark)
10. Functional and Object Oriented Programming

Like ❤️ the post if it was helpful to you!!!

Steps to become data analyst when you are fresher 👇👇

1 - First try to focus 3 mandatory skills i.e. Sql, Ms excel and python -

- For sql you can refer Ankit Bansal Or Thoufiq Mohammed (techtfq) on @sqlanalyst
- For Ms excel refer Leila Gharani or @excel_analyst
- For python refer freecodecamp from YouTube or @pythonanalyst

2 - After that try to be clear with basic idea of tableau or powerbi. (Not mandatory for every job). You can refer this channel for free resources https://t.iss.one/PowerBI_analyst

3 - Add your college project in your resume, if it's a data science related project it will help a lot. If you don't have project then you can make some dashboarding projects from YouTube in tableau/powerbi.

4 - And start applying for jobs which is having 0-1 yr experience required, you can also apply for 1 yr experience required job in analytics because sometimes they may consider fresher also. You can refer this channel @jobs_sql for job opportunities

Data types are foundational in computing, and it's essential to understand them to work effectively in any programming environment.

Let's take a dive into the top ten commonly used data types:

1. Integer (int):
- Represents whole numbers.
- Examples: -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3

2. Floating Point (float/double):
- Represents numbers with decimals.
- Examples: -2.5, 0.0, 3.14

3. Character (char):
- Represents single characters.
- Examples: 'A', 'b', '1', '%'

4. String:
- Represents sequences of characters, basically text.
- Examples: "Hello", "ChatGPT", "1234"

5. Boolean (bool):
- Represents true or false values.
- Examples: True, False

6. Array:
- Represents a collection of elements, often of the same type.
- Examples: [1, 2, 3], ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

7. Object:
- Used in object-oriented programming, represents a combination of data and methods to manipulate the data.
- Examples: A Car object might have data like color and speed and methods like drive() and park().

8. Date & Time:
- Represents date and time values.
- Examples: 23-10-2023, 12:30:45

9. Byte & Binary:
- Represents raw binary data.
- Examples: 01010101 (Byte), 101000111011 (Binary)

10. Enum:
- Represents a set of named constants.
- Examples: Days of the week (Monday, Tuesday...), Colors (Red, Blue, Green)

Choosing the Right Chart Type

Selecting the appropriate chart can make or break your data storytelling. Here's a quick guide to help you choose the perfect visualization:

↳ 𝐁𝐚𝐫 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬: Perfect for comparing quantities across categories (Think: regional sales comparison)

↳ 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬: Ideal for showing trends and changes over time (Example: monthly website traffic)

↳ 𝐏𝐢𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬: Best for showing parts of a whole as percentages (Use case: market share breakdown)

↳ 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬: Great for showing the distribution of continuous data (Like salary ranges across your organization)

↳ 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐬: Essential for exploring relationships between variables (Perfect for marketing spend vs. sales analysis)

↳ 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐩𝐬: Excellent for showing data density with color variation (Think: website traffic patterns by hour/day)

↳ 𝐁𝐨𝐱 𝐏𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐬: Invaluable for displaying data variability and outliers (Great for analyzing performance metrics)

↳ 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬: Shows cumulative totals over time (Example: sales growth across product lines)

↳ 𝐁𝐮𝐛𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬: Powerful for displaying three dimensions of data (Combines size, position, and grouping)

𝐏𝐫𝐨 𝐓𝐢𝐩: Always consider your audience and the story you want to tell when choosing your visualization type.

I have curated the best interview resources to crack Power BI Interviews 👇👇
https://t.iss.one/PowerBI_analyst

Hope you'll like it

Like this post if you need more resources like this 👍❤️