Quick Recap of Excel Concepts

1️⃣ Cells & Ranges: Basic units of Excel where data is entered; ranges refer to groups of cells like A1:A10.

2️⃣ Formulas: Built-in functions used for calculations, such as =SUM(), =AVERAGE(), and =IF().

3️⃣ Cell Referencing: Refers to cells in formulas, with options like absolute ($A$1), relative (A1), and mixed referencing (A$1).

4️⃣ Pivot Tables: A powerful feature to summarize, analyze, explore, and present large data sets interactively.

5️⃣ Charts: Graphical representations of data, including bar charts, line charts, pie charts, and scatter plots.

6️⃣ Conditional Formatting: Automatically applies formatting like colors or icons to cells based on specified conditions.

7️⃣ Data Validation: Ensures that only valid data is entered into a cell, useful for creating dropdown lists or setting data entry rules.

8️⃣ VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP: Functions used to search for a value in a table and return related information.

9️⃣ Macros: Automate repetitive tasks by recording actions or writing VBA code.

🔟 Excel Tables: Convert ranges into structured tables for easier filtering, sorting, and analysis, while automatically updating formulas and ranges.

Excel Cheatsheet

My strategy to learn excel

1) Cover up the most used formulas

SUMIFS
VLOOKUP
XLOOKUP
IFS
IF
COUNTIFS
SUMIF
COUNTIF
INDEX
MATCH
COMBINATION OF INDEX MATCH
CONCATENATE
LEFT
RIGHT
PLAYING WITH DATE FORMATS

2) pick a case study and design some kpi and build a monthly view dashboard by just using formulas

3) Now learn pivots , and build calculated fields with it and build the same view as you done with the formulas

4) Learn power query and data modelling , learn to clean and transformation of data

5) build 3 to 5 projects on excel to get super confidence

50 essential Excel formulas

SUM: =SUM(A1:A5)
AVERAGE: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)
VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(B1, A2:D10, 3, FALSE)
IF: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")
CONCATENATE (or CONCAT): =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
COUNT: =COUNT(A1:A10)
MAX: =MAX(A1:A10)
MIN: =MIN(A1:A10)
ROUND: =ROUND(A1, 2)
TRIM: =TRIM(A1)
LOWER: =LOWER(A1)
UPPER: =UPPER(A1)
LEFT: =LEFT(A1, 5)
RIGHT: =RIGHT(A1, 5)
MID: =MID(A1, 2, 3)
LEN: =LEN(A1)
FIND: =FIND("search_text", A1)
REPLACE: =REPLACE(A1, 3, 2, "new_text")
SUBSTITUTE: =SUBSTITUTE(A1, "old_text", "new_text")
INDEX: =INDEX(A1:A10, 3)
MATCH: =MATCH(B1, A1:A10, 0)
OFFSET: =OFFSET(A1, 1, 2)
SUMIF: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5")
COUNTIF: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, "apple")
AVERAGEIF: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, "<>0")
SUMIFS: =SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, "apple", C1:C10, ">5")
COUNTIFS: =COUNTIFS(A1:A10, ">5", B1:B10, "apple")
AVERAGEIFS: =AVERAGEIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, "apple", C1:C10, ">5")
IFERROR: =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")
AND: =AND(A1>5, A1<10)
OR: =OR(A1="apple", A1="banana")
NOT: =NOT(A1="apple")
DATE: =DATE(2022, 12, 31)
TODAY: =TODAY()
NOW: =NOW()
DATEDIF: =DATEDIF(A1, A2, "D")
YEAR: =YEAR(A1)
MONTH: =MONTH(A1)
DAY: =DAY(A1)
EOMONTH: =EOMONTH(A1, 3)
NETWORKDAYS: =NETWORKDAYS(A1, A2)
WEEKDAY: =WEEKDAY(A1)
HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(B1, A1:D10, 3, FALSE)
MATCH: =MATCH(B1, A1:A10, 0)
INDEX-MATCH: =INDEX(A1:A10, MATCH(B1, C1:C10, 0))
TRANSPOSE: =TRANSPOSE(A1:D10)
PIVOT TABLE: =PIVOT_TABLE(A1:D10, "Sales", "Region", "Sum")
RANK: =RANK(A1, A1:A10, 1)
RAND: =RAND()
CHOOSE: =CHOOSE(B1, "Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3")

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Some of #Excel interview questions tailored for both data analysts and business analysts:-

1) What are the basic functions of Microsoft Excel?
2) Explain the difference between a workbook and a worksheet.
3) How would you freeze panes in Excel?
4) Can you name some common keyboard shortcuts in Excel?
5) What is the purpose of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP?
7) How do you remove duplicate values in Excel?
8) Explain the steps to filter data in Excel.
9) What is the significance of the "IF" function in Excel, and can you provide an example of its use?
10) How would you create a pivot table in Excel?
11) Explain the use of the CONCATENATE function in Excel.
12) How do you create a chart in Excel?
13) Explain the difference between a line chart and a scatter plot.
14) What is conditional formatting, and how can it be applied in Excel?
15) How would you create a dynamic chart that updates with new data?
16) What is the INDEX-MATCH function, and how is it different from VLOOKUP?
17) Can you explain the concept of "PivotTables" and when you would use them?
18) How do you use the "COUNTIF" and "SUMIF" functions in Excel?
19) Explain the purpose of the "What-If Analysis" tools in Excel.
20) What are array formulas, and can you provide an example of their use?

Business Analysis Specific:

1) How would you analyze a set of sales data to identify trends and insights?
2) Explain how you might use Excel to perform financial modeling.
3) What Excel features would you use for forecasting and budgeting?
4) How do you handle large datasets in Excel, and what tools or techniques do you use for optimization?
5) What are some common techniques for cleaning and validating data in Excel?
6) How do you identify and handle errors in a dataset using Excel?

Scenario-based Questions:

1) Imagine you have a dataset with missing values. How would you approach this problem in Excel?
2) You are given a dataset with multiple sheets. How would you consolidate the data for analysis?

✅ If I have to start learning Excel from scratch in 2024 I will follow the below sequence and resources, and this is enough to crack data roles.

🧍Pivot Tables
🏃VLOOKUP
🤸HLOOKUP
🧎XLOOKUP
🧍Index Match
🧍Operators
🏃IF,IFS,IFNA,IFError
🧎Count,Countif,Countifs,Counta
🤸Sum,Sumif,Sumifs
🏃Avergae,Averageif,Averageifs
🚶Percentile,Percentrank
🚶Quartile
🏃Mean,Median,Mode
🤸Round,Power
🧎Large,Small
🧍Weekday,Weeknum
🧍Date,Time,Minute,Hour
🧎Yearfrac,Edate,Emonth
🤸Networkdays,DATEFormat
🚶Conditional Formatting
🚶Value,Find,Search
🏃Istext,Isnumber,Replace
🤸 Exact,Proper,Mid
🧎Upper,Lower
🧍Rept,Clean
🧍Concatenate,Substitute
🧍Date To Text
🧎Max, Min
🤸Length,TRIM
🏃Left, Right
🚶Charts & Dashboarding
🚶Data Validation
🏃Text to Column
🤸Practise Problems

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4 reasons why you should start your analytics journey with Excel.

1) It's the Swiss Army Knife of data
- Clean data
- Ad-hoc analytics
- Create visualizations
- Automations (Macros)

2) Integration with other tools
- Excel spreadsheets feed data into everything
- MS Access, Tableau, Power BI, SQL, etc

3) Power BI adoption
- DAX and Power Query in Excel make PBI easier to adopt

4) All roads lead back to Excel eventually (trust me)
- As hard as you try, you can never escape it

There's much more to learn after Excel, but starting here will create a strong foundation for your analytics career path!

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TOP 10 Excel Formulas Everyone Should Know 👇

🔵 SUM =SUM(A1:A10) — Adds values.
🔵 AVERAGE =AVERAGE(A1:A10) — Finds average.
🔵 COUNT =COUNT(A1:A10) — Counts numbers.
🔵 COUNTA =COUNTA(A1:A10) — Counts non-empty cells.
🔵 IF =IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No") — Conditional result.
🔵 MIN =MIN(A1:A10) — Smallest value.
🔵 MAX =MAX(A1:A10) — Largest value.
🔵 VLOOKUP =VLOOKUP(B1, A1:D10, 2, FALSE) — Looks up value.
🔵 & =A1 & " " & B1 — Joins text.
🔵 LEN =LEN(A1) — Counts characters.

Excel Cheat Sheet for Aspiring Data Analysts 📊

As an aspiring data analyst, mastering Excel is like having a superpower!

Here’s a cheat sheet to get you started:

✔️ VLOOKUP & HLOOKUP: Quickly find and retrieve data across your spreadsheets.

✔️ Pivot Tables: Summarize and analyze large data sets with ease.

✔️ IF Statements: Make decisions in your sheets with logical tests

✔️ INDEX & MATCH: More flexible data lookup compared to VLOOKUP.

✔️ Conditional Formatting: Highlight important data trends and outliers.

✔️ Data Validation: Control the type of data entered into your sheets.

✔️ SUMIF & COUNTIF: Add and count cells that meet specific criteria.

✔️ Macros: Automate repetitive tasks to save time.

With these tools in your arsenal, you’ll be able to turn raw data into actionable insights effortlessly.

Hope this helps you 😊

Excel interview questions for both data analysts and business analysts

1) What are the basic functions of Microsoft Excel?
2) Explain the difference between a workbook and a worksheet.
3) How would you freeze panes in Excel?
4) Can you name some common keyboard shortcuts in Excel?
5) What is the purpose of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP?
7) How do you remove duplicate values in Excel?
8) Explain the steps to filter data in Excel.
9) What is the significance of the "IF" function in Excel, and can you provide an example of its use?
10) How would you create a pivot table in Excel?
11) Explain the use of the CONCATENATE function in Excel.
12) How do you create a chart in Excel?
13) Explain the difference between a line chart and a scatter plot.
14) What is conditional formatting, and how can it be applied in Excel?
15) How would you create a dynamic chart that updates with new data?
16) What is the INDEX-MATCH function, and how is it different from VLOOKUP?
17) Can you explain the concept of "PivotTables" and when you would use them?
18) How do you use the "COUNTIF" and "SUMIF" functions in Excel?
19) Explain the purpose of the "What-If Analysis" tools in Excel.
20) What are array formulas, and can you provide an example of their use?

Business Analysis Specific:

1) How would you analyze a set of sales data to identify trends and insights?
2) Explain how you might use Excel to perform financial modeling.
3) What Excel features would you use for forecasting and budgeting?
4) How do you handle large datasets in Excel, and what tools or techniques do you use for optimization?
5) What are some common techniques for cleaning and validating data in Excel?
6) How do you identify and handle errors in a dataset using Excel?

Scenario-based Questions:

1) Imagine you have a dataset with missing values. How would you approach this problem in Excel?
2) You are given a dataset with multiple sheets. How would you consolidate the data for analysis?

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Top 10 Excel Functions Used by Data Analysts

1. VLOOKUP:
• Example: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
• Usage: Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from another column.

2. HLOOKUP:
• Example: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
• Usage: Similar to VLOOKUP, but searches in the first row of a table.

3. INDEX-MATCH:
• Example: =INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))
• Usage: A more flexible alternative to VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP for lookups.

4. SUMIFS:
• Example: =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])
• Usage: Adds values based on multiple criteria.

5. COUNTIFS:
• Example: =COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])
• Usage: Counts cells based on multiple criteria.

6. AVERAGEIFS:
• Example: =AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2, ...])
• Usage: Calculates the average based on multiple criteria.

7. CONCATENATE:
• Example: =CONCATENATE(text1, [text2, ...]) or =text1 & [text2]
• Usage: Combines text from multiple cells into one cell.

8. IF:
• Example: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
• Usage: Performs conditional logic based on a specified condition.

9. PivotTables:
• Usage: Allows for dynamic data summarization and analysis in a table format.

10. SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT:
• Examples: =SUM(range), =AVERAGE(range), =COUNT(range)
• Usage: Basic functions for simple calculations on a range of cells.

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