50 essential Excel formulas

SUM: =SUM(A1:A5)
AVERAGE: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)
VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(B1, A2:D10, 3, FALSE)
IF: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")
CONCATENATE (or CONCAT): =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
COUNT: =COUNT(A1:A10)
MAX: =MAX(A1:A10)
MIN: =MIN(A1:A10)
ROUND: =ROUND(A1, 2)
TRIM: =TRIM(A1)
LOWER: =LOWER(A1)
UPPER: =UPPER(A1)
LEFT: =LEFT(A1, 5)
RIGHT: =RIGHT(A1, 5)
MID: =MID(A1, 2, 3)
LEN: =LEN(A1)
FIND: =FIND("search_text", A1)
REPLACE: =REPLACE(A1, 3, 2, "new_text")
SUBSTITUTE: =SUBSTITUTE(A1, "old_text", "new_text")
INDEX: =INDEX(A1:A10, 3)
MATCH: =MATCH(B1, A1:A10, 0)
OFFSET: =OFFSET(A1, 1, 2)
SUMIF: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5")
COUNTIF: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, "apple")
AVERAGEIF: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, "<>0")
SUMIFS: =SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, "apple", C1:C10, ">5")
COUNTIFS: =COUNTIFS(A1:A10, ">5", B1:B10, "apple")
AVERAGEIFS: =AVERAGEIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, "apple", C1:C10, ">5")
IFERROR: =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")
AND: =AND(A1>5, A1<10)
OR: =OR(A1="apple", A1="banana")
NOT: =NOT(A1="apple")
DATE: =DATE(2022, 12, 31)
TODAY: =TODAY()
NOW: =NOW()
DATEDIF: =DATEDIF(A1, A2, "D")
YEAR: =YEAR(A1)
MONTH: =MONTH(A1)
DAY: =DAY(A1)
EOMONTH: =EOMONTH(A1, 3)
NETWORKDAYS: =NETWORKDAYS(A1, A2)
WEEKDAY: =WEEKDAY(A1)
HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(B1, A1:D10, 3, FALSE)
MATCH: =MATCH(B1, A1:A10, 0)
INDEX-MATCH: =INDEX(A1:A10, MATCH(B1, C1:C10, 0))
TRANSPOSE: =TRANSPOSE(A1:D10)
PIVOT TABLE: =PIVOT_TABLE(A1:D10, "Sales", "Region", "Sum")
RANK: =RANK(A1, A1:A10, 1)
RAND: =RAND()
CHOOSE: =CHOOSE(B1, "Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3")

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Excel Formulas for Accountants ✅

Top Excel Formulas Every Data Analyst Should Know

SUM():

Purpose: Adds up a range of numbers.

Example: =SUM(A1:A10)


AVERAGE():

Purpose: Calculates the average of a range of numbers.

Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B10)


COUNT():

Purpose: Counts the number of cells containing numbers.

Example: =COUNT(C1:C10)


IF():

Purpose: Returns one value if a condition is true, and another if false.

Example: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")


VLOOKUP():

Purpose: Searches for a value in the first column and returns a value in the same row from another column.

Example: =VLOOKUP(D1, A1:B10, 2, FALSE)


HLOOKUP():

Purpose: Searches for a value in the first row and returns a value in the same column from another row.

Example: =HLOOKUP("Sales", A1:F5, 3, FALSE)


INDEX():

Purpose: Returns the value of a cell based on row and column numbers.

Example: =INDEX(A1:C10, 2, 3)


MATCH():

Purpose: Searches for a value and returns its position in a range.

Example: =MATCH("Product B", A1:A10, 0)


CONCATENATE() or CONCAT():

Purpose: Joins multiple text strings into one.

Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)


TEXT():

Purpose: Formats numbers or dates as text.

Example: =TEXT(A1, "dd/mm/yyyy")

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Essential Excel Functions for Data Analysts 🚀

1️⃣ Basic Functions

SUM() – Adds a range of numbers. =SUM(A1:A10)

AVERAGE() – Calculates the average. =AVERAGE(A1:A10)

MIN() / MAX() – Finds the smallest/largest value. =MIN(A1:A10)


2️⃣ Logical Functions

IF() – Conditional logic. =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail")

IFS() – Multiple conditions. =IFS(A1>90, "A", A1>80, "B", TRUE, "C")

AND() / OR() – Checks multiple conditions. =AND(A1>50, B1<100)


3️⃣ Text Functions

LEFT() / RIGHT() / MID() – Extract text from a string.

=LEFT(A1, 3) (First 3 characters)

=MID(A1, 3, 2) (2 characters from the 3rd position)


LEN() – Counts characters. =LEN(A1)

TRIM() – Removes extra spaces. =TRIM(A1)

UPPER() / LOWER() / PROPER() – Changes text case.


4️⃣ Lookup Functions

VLOOKUP() – Searches for a value in a column.

=VLOOKUP(1001, A2:B10, 2, FALSE)


HLOOKUP() – Searches in a row.

XLOOKUP() – Advanced lookup replacing VLOOKUP.

=XLOOKUP(1001, A2:A10, B2:B10, "Not Found")



5️⃣ Date & Time Functions

TODAY() – Returns the current date.

NOW() – Returns the current date and time.

YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY() – Extracts parts of a date.

DATEDIF() – Calculates the difference between two dates.


6️⃣ Data Cleaning Functions

REMOVE DUPLICATES – Found in the "Data" tab.

CLEAN() – Removes non-printable characters.

SUBSTITUTE() – Replaces text within a string.

=SUBSTITUTE(A1, "old", "new")



7️⃣ Advanced Functions

INDEX() & MATCH() – More flexible alternative to VLOOKUP.

TEXTJOIN() – Joins text with a delimiter.

UNIQUE() – Returns unique values from a range.

FILTER() – Filters data dynamically.

=FILTER(A2:B10, B2:B10>50)



8️⃣ Pivot Tables & Power Query

PIVOT TABLES – Summarizes data dynamically.

GETPIVOTDATA() – Extracts data from a Pivot Table.

POWER QUERY – Automates data cleaning & transformation.


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📊 Excel Hack of the Week

Did you know you can use Flash Fill in Excel to automatically clean and format data without writing formulas?

📝 How to Use Flash Fill?

1️⃣ Type the first correct value manually in the adjacent column.
2️⃣ Press Ctrl + E (or go to Data > Flash Fill).
3️⃣ Excel will recognize the pattern and fill in the rest automatically!

🔍 Example:
✅ Extract first names from "John Doe" → Type "John" → Press Ctrl + E → Done!
✅ Format phone numbers from "1234567890" to "(123) 456-7890" in seconds!
✅ Convert dates from "01-02-2024" to "February 1, 2024" instantly!

📌 Bonus: Try using Flash Fill for splitting names, fixing email formats, or even extracting numbers from text.

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For data analysts, mastering these top 10 Excel concepts is crucial:

1. Formulas and Functions: Understand basic to advanced functions like SUM, AVERAGE, VLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, and IF statements.

2. PivotTables: Learn to summarize, analyze, and visualize data efficiently using PivotTables.

3. Data Cleaning and Formatting: Familiarize yourself with tools and techniques for cleaning and formatting messy data, such as text-to-columns, remove duplicates, and conditional formatting.

4. Charts and Graphs: Explore various chart types (e.g., bar, line, scatter) and understand when to use each for effective data visualization.

5. Data Validation: Implement data validation rules to ensure data integrity and accuracy, such as drop-down lists and input restrictions.

6. Data Analysis Tools: Utilize Excel's built-in data analysis tools like Goal Seek, Solver, and Data Tables for scenario analysis and optimization.

7. Conditional Formatting: Apply formatting based on specific conditions to highlight trends, outliers, or anomalies in data.

8. Named Ranges: Organize data efficiently by assigning meaningful names to ranges, making formulas more readable and easier to manage.

9. Data Tables and What-If Analysis: Use data tables to perform sensitivity analysis and scenario modeling for decision-making.

10. Power Query and Power Pivot: Explore advanced data manipulation and analysis capabilities using Excel's Power Query for data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) and Power Pivot for data modeling and analysis.

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🗂The order of operations used in MS Excel while evaluating formulas

MS Excel follows a standard math protocol to evaluate a formula.

This protocol is called “order of operations” – PEMDAS –

~Parentheses
~Exponents
~Multiplication
~Division
~Addition
~Subtraction

MS Excel also applies some customization to handle the formula syntax.

The order in which MS Excel performs calculations can affect the return value of the formula.

First of all, Excel evaluates any expressions in parentheses.

As we have seen in mathematical formulae too, parentheses essentially override the normal order of operations. It prioritizes certain operations.

Next, Excel resolves cell references like A1 (cell address). It evaluates range references like A1:A10, making them arrays of values.

It also performs range operations like a union (comma) and an intersection (space).

Next, Excel performs –

-Exponentiation
-Negation
-% conversions
-Multiplication and division
-Addition and subtraction
-Concatenation
-Logical operators

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