COMMON TERMINOLOGIES IN PYTHON - PART 1

Have you ever gotten into a discussion with a programmer before? Did you find some of the Terminologies mentioned strange or you didn't fully understand them?

In this series, we would be looking at the common Terminologies in python.

It is important to know these Terminologies to be able to professionally/properly explain your codes to people and/or to be able to understand what people say in an instant when these codes are mentioned. Below are a few:

IDLE (Integrated Development and Learning Environment) - this is an environment that allows you to easily write Python code. IDLE can be used to execute a single statements and create, modify, and execute Python scripts.

Python Shell - This is the interactive environment that allows you to type in python code and execute them immediately

System Python - This is the version of python that comes with your operating system

Prompt - usually represented by the symbol ">>>" and it simply means that python is waiting for you to give it some instructions

REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop) - this refers to the sequence of events in your interactive window in form of a loop (python reads the code inputted>the code is evaluated>output is printed)

Argument - this is a value that is passed to a function when called eg print("Hello World")... "Hello World" is the argument that is being passed.

Function - this is a code that takes some input, known as arguments, processes that input and produces an output called a return value. E.g print("Hello World")... print is the function

Return Value - this is the value that a function returns to the calling script or function when it completes its task (in other words, Output). E.g.
>>> print("Hello World")
Hello World
Where Hello World is your return value.

Note: A return value can be any of these variable types: handle, integer, object, or string

Script - This is a file where you store your python code in a text file and execute all of the code with a single command

Script files - this is a file containing a group of python scripts

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How a SQL query gets executed internally - Lets see step by step!

We all know SQL, but most of us do not understand the internals of it.

Let me take an example to explain this better.

Select p.plan_name, count(plan_id) as total_count
From plans p
Join subscriptions s on s.plan_id=p.plan_id
Where p.plan_name !=’premium’
Group by p.plan_name
Having count(plan_id) > 100
Order by p.plan_name
Limit 10;

Step 01: Get the table data required to run the sql query
Operations: FROM, JOIN (From plans p, Join subscriptions s)

Step 02: Filter the data rows
Operations: WHERE (where p.plan_name=’premium’)

Step 03: Group the data
Operations: GROUP (group by p.plan_name)

Step 04: Filter the grouped data
Operations: HAVING (having count(plan_id) > 100)

Step 05: Select the data columns
Operations: SELECT (select p.plan_name, count(p.plan_id)

Step 06: Order the data
Operations: ORDER BY (order by p.plan_name)

Step 07: Limit the data rows
Operations: LIMIT (limit 100)

Knowing the Internals really help.

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Creating a data science and machine learning project involves several steps, from defining the problem to deploying the model. Here is a general outline of how you can create a data science and ML project:

1. Define the Problem: Start by clearly defining the problem you want to solve. Understand the business context, the goals of the project, and what insights or predictions you aim to derive from the data.

2. Collect Data: Gather relevant data that will help you address the problem. This could involve collecting data from various sources, such as databases, APIs, CSV files, or web scraping.

3. Data Preprocessing: Clean and preprocess the data to make it suitable for analysis and modeling. This may involve handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, scaling features, and other data cleaning tasks.

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Perform exploratory data analysis to understand the data better. Visualize the data, identify patterns, correlations, and outliers that may impact your analysis.

5. Feature Engineering: Create new features or transform existing features to improve the performance of your machine learning model. Feature engineering is crucial for building a successful ML model.

6. Model Selection: Choose the appropriate machine learning algorithm based on the problem you are trying to solve (classification, regression, clustering, etc.). Experiment with different models and hyperparameters to find the best-performing one.

7. Model Training: Split your data into training and testing sets and train your machine learning model on the training data. Evaluate the model's performance on the testing data using appropriate metrics.

8. Model Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of your model using metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC-AUC, etc. Make sure to analyze the results and iterate on your model if needed.

9. Deployment: Once you have a satisfactory model, deploy it into production. This could involve creating an API for real-time predictions, integrating it into a web application, or any other method of making your model accessible.

10. Monitoring and Maintenance: Monitor the performance of your deployed model and ensure that it continues to perform well over time. Update the model as needed based on new data or changes in the problem domain.

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Essential Python and SQL topics for data analysts 😄👇

Python Topics:

1. Data Structures
   - Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries
   - NumPy Arrays for numerical data

2. Data Manipulation
   - Pandas DataFrames for structured data
   - Data Cleaning and Preprocessing techniques
   - Data Transformation and Reshaping

3. Data Visualization
   - Matplotlib for basic plotting
   - Seaborn for statistical visualizations
   - Plotly for interactive charts

4. Statistical Analysis
   - Descriptive Statistics
   - Hypothesis Testing
   - Regression Analysis

5. Machine Learning
   - Scikit-Learn for machine learning models
   - Model Building, Training, and Evaluation
   - Feature Engineering and Selection

6. Time Series Analysis
   - Handling Time Series Data
   - Time Series Forecasting
   - Anomaly Detection

7. Python Fundamentals
   - Control Flow (if statements, loops)
   - Functions and Modular Code
   - Exception Handling
   - File

SQL Topics:

1. SQL Basics
- SQL Syntax
- SELECT Queries
- Filters

2. Data Retrieval
- Aggregation Functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT)
- GROUP BY

3. Data Filtering
- WHERE Clause
- ORDER BY

4. Data Joins
- JOIN Operations
- Subqueries

5. Advanced SQL
- Window Functions
- Indexing
- Performance Optimization

6. Database Management
- Connecting to Databases
- SQLAlchemy

7. Database Design
- Data Types
- Normalization

Remember, it's highly likely that you won't know all these concepts from the start. Data analysis is a journey where the more you learn, the more you grow. Embrace the learning process, and your skills will continually evolve and expand. Keep up the great work!

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Hope it helps :)