Data Science & Machine Learning
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Pandas Cheatsheet ๐Ÿ‘†
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๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ‘€๐Ÿš€Preparing for a Data science/ Data Analytics interview can be challenging, but with the right strategy, you can enhance your chances of success. Here are some key tips to assist you in getting ready:

Review Fundamental Concepts: Ensure you have a strong grasp of statistics, probability, linear algebra, data structures, algorithms, and programming languages like Python, R, and SQL.

Refresh Machine Learning Knowledge: Familiarize yourself with various machine learning algorithms, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.

Practice Coding: Sharpen your coding skills by solving data science-related problems on platforms like HackerRank, LeetCode, and Kaggle.

Build a Project Portfolio: Showcase your proficiency by creating a portfolio highlighting projects covering data cleaning, wrangling, exploratory data analysis, and machine learning.

Hone Communication Skills: Practice articulating complex technical ideas in simple terms, as effective communication is vital for data scientists when interacting with non-technical stakeholders.

Research the Company: Gain insights into the company's operations, industry, and how they leverage data to solve challenges.

๐Ÿง ๐Ÿ‘By adhering to these guidelines, you'll be well-prepared for your upcoming data science interview. Best of luck!

Hope this helps ๐Ÿ‘โค๏ธ:โ -โ )
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Being a Generalist Data Scientist won't get you hired.
Here is how you can specialize ๐Ÿ‘‡

Companies have specific problems that require certain skills to solve. If you do not know which path you want to follow. Start broad first, explore your options, then specialize.

To discover what you enjoy the most, try answering different questions for each DS role:


- ๐Œ๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐‹๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ
Qs:
โ€œHow should we monitor model performance in production?โ€

- ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š ๐€๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ / ๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ญ ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š ๐’๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ
Qs:
โ€œHow can we visualize customer segmentation to highlight key demographics?โ€

- ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š ๐’๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ
Qs:
โ€œHow can we use clustering to identify new customer segments for targeted marketing?โ€

- ๐Œ๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐‹๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ซ
Qs:
โ€œWhat novel architectures can we explore to improve model robustness?โ€

- ๐Œ๐‹๐Ž๐ฉ๐ฌ ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ
Qs:
โ€œHow can we automate the deployment of machine learning models to ensure continuous integration and delivery?โ€

Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/914624

ENJOY LEARNING ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘
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Data Storytelling
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Data Science Techniques
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SQL Interview Questions with Answers

1. How to change a table name in SQL?
This is the command to change a table name in SQL:
ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME TO new_table_name;
We will start off by giving the keywords ALTER TABLE, then we will follow it up by giving the original name of the table, after that, we will give in the keywords RENAME TO and finally, we will give the new table name.

2. How to use LIKE in SQL?
The LIKE operator checks if an attribute value matches a given string pattern. Here is an example of LIKE operator
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name like โ€˜Stevenโ€™;
With this command, we will be able to extract all the records where the first name is like โ€œStevenโ€.

3. If we drop a table, does it also drop related objects like constraints, indexes, columns, default, views and sorted procedures?
Yes, SQL server drops all related objects, which exists inside a table like constraints, indexes, columns, defaults etc. But dropping a table will not drop views and sorted procedures as they exist outside the table.

4. Explain SQL Constraints.
SQL Constraints are used to specify the rules of data type in a table. They can be specified while creating and altering the table. The following are the constraints in SQL: NOT NULL CHECK DEFAULT UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY

React โค๏ธ for more
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If youโ€™re just starting out in Data Analytics, itโ€™s super important to build the right habits early.

Hereโ€™s a simple plan for beginners to grow both technical and problem-solving skills together:

If You Just Started Learning Data Analytics, Focus on These 5 Baby Steps:

1. Donโ€™t Just Watch Tutorials โ€” Build Small Projects

After learning a new tool (like SQL or Excel), create mini-projects:

- Analyze your expenses

- Explore a free dataset (like Netflix movies, COVID data)


2. Ask Business-Like Questions Early

Whenever you see a dataset, practice asking:

- What problem could this data solve?

- Who would care about this insight?


3. Start a โ€˜Data Journalโ€™

Every day, note down:

- What you learned

- One business question you could answer with data (Helps you build real-world thinking!)


4. Practice the Basics 100x

Get very comfortable with:

- SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY (SQL)

- Pivot tables and charts (Excel)

- Basic cleaning (Power Query / Python pandas)


_Mastering basics > learning 50 fancy functions._

5. Learn to Communicate Early

Explain your mini-projects like this:

- What was the business goal?

- What did you find?

- What should someone do based on it?

React with โค๏ธ for more

ENJOY LEARNING ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘
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Complete Data Science Roadmap
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

1. Introduction to Data Science
- Overview and Importance
- Data Science Lifecycle
- Key Roles (Data Scientist, Analyst, Engineer)

2. Mathematics and Statistics
- Probability and Distributions
- Descriptive/Inferential Statistics
- Hypothesis Testing
- Linear Algebra and Calculus Basics

3. Programming Languages
- Python: NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib
- R: dplyr, ggplot2
- SQL: Joins, Aggregations, CRUD

4. Data Collection & Preprocessing
- Data Cleaning and Wrangling
- Handling Missing Data
- Feature Engineering

5. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
- Summary Statistics
- Data Visualization (Histograms, Box Plots, Correlation)

6. Machine Learning
- Supervised (Linear/Logistic Regression, Decision Trees)
- Unsupervised (K-Means, PCA)
- Model Selection and Cross-Validation

7. Advanced Machine Learning
- SVM, Random Forests, Boosting
- Neural Networks Basics

8. Deep Learning
- Neural Networks Architecture
- CNNs for Image Data
- RNNs for Sequential Data

9. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Text Preprocessing
- Sentiment Analysis
- Word Embeddings (Word2Vec)

10. Data Visualization & Storytelling
- Dashboards (Tableau, Power BI)
- Telling Stories with Data

11. Model Deployment
- Deploy with Flask or Django
- Monitoring and Retraining Models

12. Big Data & Cloud
- Introduction to Hadoop, Spark
- Cloud Tools (AWS, Google Cloud)

13. Data Engineering Basics
- ETL Pipelines
- Data Warehousing (Redshift, BigQuery)

14. Ethics in Data Science
- Ethical Data Usage
- Bias in AI Models

15. Tools for Data Science
- Jupyter, Git, Docker

16. Career Path & Certifications
- Building a Data Science Portfolio

Like if you need similar content ๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ‘
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๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜ ๐˜ƒ๐˜€. ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐˜ƒ๐˜€. ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐˜ ๐˜ƒ๐˜€. ๐— ๐—Ÿ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ

๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜

Think of them as data detectives.
โ†’ ๐…๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ: Identifying patterns and building predictive models.
โ†’ ๐’๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Machine learning, statistics, Python/R.
โ†’ ๐“๐จ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Jupyter Notebooks, TensorFlow, PyTorch.
โ†’ ๐†๐จ๐š๐ฅ: Extract actionable insights from raw data.
๐„๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž: Creating a recommendation system like Netflix.

๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ

The architects of data infrastructure.
โ†’ ๐…๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ: Developing data pipelines, storage systems, and infrastructure. โ†’ ๐’๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ: SQL, Big Data technologies (Hadoop, Spark), cloud platforms.
โ†’ ๐“๐จ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Airflow, Kafka, Snowflake.
โ†’ ๐†๐จ๐š๐ฅ: Ensure seamless data flow across the organization.
๐„๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž: Designing a pipeline to handle millions of transactions in real-time.

๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐˜

Data storytellers.
โ†’ ๐…๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ: Creating visualizations, dashboards, and reports.
โ†’ ๐’๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Excel, Tableau, SQL.
โ†’ ๐“๐จ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Power BI, Looker, Google Sheets.
โ†’ ๐†๐จ๐š๐ฅ: Help businesses make data-driven decisions.
๐„๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž: Analyzing campaign data to optimize marketing strategies.

๐— ๐—Ÿ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ

The connectors between data science and software engineering.
โ†’ ๐…๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ: Deploying machine learning models into production.
โ†’ ๐’๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Python, APIs, cloud services (AWS, Azure).
โ†’ ๐“๐จ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฌ: Kubernetes, Docker, FastAPI.
โ†’ ๐†๐จ๐š๐ฅ: Make models scalable and ready for real-world applications. ๐„๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž: Deploying a fraud detection model for a bank.

๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ฃ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฆ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฑ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚ ๐—–๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ?

โ˜‘ Love solving complex problems?
โ†’ Data Scientist
โ˜‘ Enjoy working with systems and Big Data?
โ†’ Data Engineer
โ˜‘ Passionate about visual storytelling?
โ†’ Data Analyst
โ˜‘ Excited to scale AI systems?
โ†’ ML Engineer

Each role is crucial and in demandโ€”choose based on your strengths and career aspirations.

Whatโ€™s your ideal role?
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Which of the following methods is least affected by outliers?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
a) Min-Max Scaling
43%
b) Standardization (Z-score)
25%
c) Robust Scaler
10%
d) MaxAbs Scaler
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After applying StandardScaler, the mean of each feature becomes:
Anonymous Quiz
33%
a) 0
22%
b) 1
19%
c) The same as original
25%
d) Dependent on feature distribution
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Which scaling technique would be most suitable for K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
a) No scaling needed
51%
b) Min-Max Scaling or Standardization
25%
c) PCA
10%
d) Label Encoding
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Which scaler transforms features by removing the median and scaling by the interquartile range?
Anonymous Quiz
35%
a) StandardScaler
29%
b) MinMaxScaler
24%
c) RobustScaler
12%
d) Normalizer
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๐Ÿš€๐Ÿ‘‰Data Analytics skills and projects to add in a resume to get shortlisted

1. Technical Skills:
Proficiency in data analysis tools (e.g., Python, R, SQL).
Data visualization skills using tools like Tableau or Power BI.
Experience with statistical analysis and modeling techniques.

2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing:
Showcase skills in cleaning and preprocessing raw data for analysis.
Highlight expertise in handling missing data and outliers effectively.

3. Database Management:
Mention experience with databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) for data retrieval and manipulation.

4. Machine Learning:
If applicable, include knowledge of machine learning algorithms and their application in data analytics projects.

5. Data Storytelling:
Emphasize your ability to communicate insights effectively through data storytelling.

6. Big Data Technologies:
If relevant, mention experience with big data technologies such as Hadoop or Spark.

7. Business Acumen:
Showcase an understanding of the business context and how your analytics work contributes to organizational goals.

8. Problem-Solving:
Highlight instances where you solved business problems through data-driven insights.

9. Collaboration and Communication:
Demonstrate your ability to work in a team and communicate complex findings to non-technical stakeholders.

10. Projects:
List specific data analytics projects you've worked on, detailing the problem, methodology, tools used, and the impact on decision-making.

11. Certifications:
Include relevant certifications such as those from platforms like Coursera, edX, or industry-recognized certifications in data analytics.

12. Continuous Learning:
Showcase any ongoing education, workshops, or courses to display your commitment to staying updated in the field.

๐Ÿ’ผTailor your resume to the specific job description, emphasizing the skills and experiences that align with the requirements of the position you're applying for.
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