Core data science concepts you should know:

🔢 1. Statistics & Probability

Descriptive statistics: Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance

Inferential statistics: Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, p-values, t-tests, ANOVA

Probability distributions: Normal, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform

Bayes' Theorem

Central Limit Theorem


📊 2. Data Wrangling & Cleaning

Handling missing values

Outlier detection and treatment

Data transformation (scaling, encoding, normalization)

Feature engineering

Dealing with imbalanced data


📈 3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis

Correlation and covariance

Data visualization tools: Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly

Insights generation through visual storytelling


🤖 4. Machine Learning Fundamentals

Supervised Learning: Linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, SVM, k-NN

Unsupervised Learning: K-means, hierarchical clustering, PCA

Model evaluation: Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC-AUC

Cross-validation and overfitting/underfitting

Bias-variance tradeoff


🧠 5. Deep Learning (Basics)

Neural networks: Perceptron, MLP

Activation functions (ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh)

Backpropagation

Gradient descent and learning rate

CNNs and RNNs (intro level)


🗃️ 6. Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)

Arrays, lists, dictionaries, sets

Sorting and searching algorithms

Time and space complexity (Big-O notation)

Common problems: string manipulation, matrix operations, recursion


💾 7. SQL & Databases

SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING

JOINS (inner, left, right, full)

Subqueries and CTEs

Window functions

Indexing and normalization


📦 8. Tools & Libraries

Python: pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch

R: dplyr, ggplot2, caret

Jupyter Notebooks for experimentation

Git and GitHub for version control


🧪 9. A/B Testing & Experimentation

Control vs. treatment group

Hypothesis formulation

Significance level, p-value interpretation

Power analysis


🌐 10. Business Acumen & Storytelling

Translating data insights into business value

Crafting narratives with data

Building dashboards (Power BI, Tableau)

Knowing KPIs and business metrics

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Steps to become a data analyst

Learn the Basics of Data Analysis:
Familiarize yourself with foundational concepts in data analysis, statistics, and data visualization. Online courses and textbooks can help.
Free books & other useful data analysis resources - https://t.iss.one/learndataanalysis

Develop Technical Skills:
Gain proficiency in essential tools and technologies such as:

SQL: Learn how to query and manipulate data in relational databases.
Free Resources- @sqlanalyst

Excel: Master data manipulation, basic analysis, and visualization.
Free Resources- @excel_analyst

Data Visualization Tools: Become skilled in tools like Tableau, Power BI, or Python libraries like Matplotlib and Seaborn.
Free Resources- @PowerBI_analyst

Programming: Learn a programming language like Python or R for data analysis and manipulation.
Free Resources- @pythonanalyst

Statistical Packages: Familiarize yourself with packages like Pandas, NumPy, and SciPy (for Python) or ggplot2 (for R).

Hands-On Practice:
Apply your knowledge to real datasets. You can find publicly available datasets on platforms like Kaggle or create your datasets for analysis.

Build a Portfolio:
Create data analysis projects to showcase your skills. Share them on platforms like GitHub, where potential employers can see your work.

Networking:
Attend data-related meetups, conferences, and online communities. Networking can lead to job opportunities and valuable insights.

Data Analysis Projects:
Work on personal or freelance data analysis projects to gain experience and demonstrate your abilities.

Job Search:
Start applying for entry-level data analyst positions or internships. Look for job listings on company websites, job boards, and LinkedIn.
Jobs & Internship opportunities: @getjobss

Prepare for Interviews:
Practice common data analyst interview questions and be ready to discuss your past projects and experiences.

Continual Learning:
The field of data analysis is constantly evolving. Stay updated with new tools, techniques, and industry trends.

Soft Skills:
Develop soft skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and attention to detail, as they are crucial for data analysts.

Never ever give up:
The journey to becoming a data analyst can be challenging, with complex concepts and technical skills to learn. There may be moments of frustration and self-doubt, but remember that these are normal parts of the learning process. Keep pushing through setbacks, keep learning, and stay committed to your goal.

ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

Data Analyst: Analyzes data to provide insights and reports for decision-making.

Data Scientist: Builds models to predict outcomes and uncover deeper insights from data.

Data Engineer: Creates and maintains the systems that store and process data.

If you want to Excel in Data Science and become an expert, master these essential concepts:

Core Data Science Skills:

• Python for Data Science – Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn
• SQL for Data Extraction – SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, CTEs, Window Functions
• Data Cleaning & Preprocessing – Handling missing data, outliers, duplicates
• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) – Visualizing data trends

Machine Learning (ML):

• Supervised Learning – Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest
• Unsupervised Learning – Clustering, PCA, Anomaly Detection
• Model Evaluation – Cross-validation, Confusion Matrix, ROC-AUC
• Hyperparameter Tuning – Grid Search, Random Search

Deep Learning (DL):

• Neural Networks – TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras
• CNNs & RNNs – Image & sequential data processing
• Transformers & LLMs – GPT, BERT, Stable Diffusion

Big Data & Cloud Computing:

• Hadoop & Spark – Handling large datasets
• AWS, GCP, Azure – Cloud-based data science solutions
• MLOps – Deploy models using Flask, FastAPI, Docker

Statistics & Mathematics for Data Science:

• Probability & Hypothesis Testing – P-values, T-tests, Chi-square
• Linear Algebra & Calculus – Matrices, Vectors, Derivatives
• Time Series Analysis – ARIMA, Prophet, LSTMs

Real-World Applications:

• Recommendation Systems – Personalized AI suggestions
• NLP (Natural Language Processing) – Sentiment Analysis, Chatbots
• AI-Powered Business Insights – Data-driven decision-making

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Ever wondered what the difference is between a Data Analyst and a Data Scientist? Both roles are in high demand, but they tackle data in different ways.

SQL Cheatsheet 📝

This SQL cheatsheet is designed to be your quick reference guide for SQL programming. Whether you’re a beginner learning how to query databases or an experienced developer looking for a handy resource, this cheatsheet covers essential SQL topics.

1. Database Basics
- CREATE DATABASE db_name;
- USE db_name;

2. Tables
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE table_name (col1 datatype, col2 datatype);
- Drop Table: DROP TABLE table_name;
- Alter Table: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;

3. Insert Data
- INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES (val1, val2);

4. Select Queries
- Basic Select: SELECT * FROM table_name;
- Select Specific Columns: SELECT col1, col2 FROM table_name;
- Select with Condition: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;

5. Update Data
- UPDATE table_name SET col1 = value1 WHERE condition;

6. Delete Data
- DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

7. Joins
- Inner Join: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col;
- Left Join: SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col;
- Right Join: SELECT * FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col;

8. Aggregations
- Count: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
- Sum: SELECT SUM(col) FROM table_name;
- Group By: SELECT col, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY col;

9. Sorting & Limiting
- Order By: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY col ASC|DESC;
- Limit Results: SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT n;

10. Indexes
- Create Index: CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (col);
- Drop Index: DROP INDEX idx_name;

11. Subqueries
- SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col IN (SELECT col FROM other_table);

12. Views
- Create View: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT * FROM table_name;
- Drop View: DROP VIEW view_name;

🚀 Complete Roadmap to Become a Data Scientist in 5 Months

📅 Week 1-2: Fundamentals
✅ Day 1-3: Introduction to Data Science, its applications, and roles.
✅ Day 4-7: Brush up on Python programming 🐍.
✅ Day 8-10: Learn basic statistics 📊 and probability 🎲.

🔍 Week 3-4: Data Manipulation & Visualization
📝 Day 11-15: Master Pandas for data manipulation.
📈 Day 16-20: Learn Matplotlib & Seaborn for data visualization.

🤖 Week 5-6: Machine Learning Foundations
🔬 Day 21-25: Introduction to scikit-learn.
📊 Day 26-30: Learn Linear & Logistic Regression.

🏗 Week 7-8: Advanced Machine Learning
🌳 Day 31-35: Explore Decision Trees & Random Forests.
📌 Day 36-40: Learn Clustering (K-Means, DBSCAN) & Dimensionality Reduction.

🧠 Week 9-10: Deep Learning
🤖 Day 41-45: Basics of Neural Networks with TensorFlow/Keras.
📸 Day 46-50: Learn CNNs & RNNs for image & text data.

🏛 Week 11-12: Data Engineering
🗄 Day 51-55: Learn SQL & Databases.
🧹 Day 56-60: Data Preprocessing & Cleaning.

📊 Week 13-14: Model Evaluation & Optimization
📏 Day 61-65: Learn Cross-validation & Hyperparameter Tuning.
📉 Day 66-70: Understand Evaluation Metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score).

🏗 Week 15-16: Big Data & Tools
🐘 Day 71-75: Introduction to Big Data Technologies (Hadoop, Spark).
☁️ Day 76-80: Learn Cloud Computing (AWS, GCP, Azure).

🚀 Week 17-18: Deployment & Production
🛠 Day 81-85: Deploy models using Flask or FastAPI.
📦 Day 86-90: Learn Docker & Cloud Deployment (AWS, Heroku).

🎯 Week 19-20: Specialization
📝 Day 91-95: Choose NLP or Computer Vision, based on your interest.

🏆 Week 21-22: Projects & Portfolio
📂 Day 96-100: Work on Personal Data Science Projects.

💬 Week 23-24: Soft Skills & Networking
🎤 Day 101-105: Improve Communication & Presentation Skills.
🌐 Day 106-110: Attend Online Meetups & Forums.

🎯 Week 25-26: Interview Preparation
💻 Day 111-115: Practice Coding Interviews (LeetCode, HackerRank).
📂 Day 116-120: Review your projects & prepare for discussions.

👨‍💻 Week 27-28: Apply for Jobs
📩 Day 121-125: Start applying for Entry-Level Data Scientist positions.

🎤 Week 29-30: Interviews
📝 Day 126-130: Attend Interviews & Practice Whiteboard Problems.

🔄 Week 31-32: Continuous Learning
📰 Day 131-135: Stay updated with the Latest Data Science Trends.

🏆 Week 33-34: Accepting Offers
📝 Day 136-140: Evaluate job offers & Negotiate Your Salary.

🏢 Week 35-36: Settling In
🎯 Day 141-150: Start your New Data Science Job, adapt & keep learning!

🎉 Enjoy Learning & Build Your Dream Career in Data Science! 🚀🔥

Here's a good list of cheat sheets for programmers (all free):

Data Science Cheatsheet

https://github.com/aaronwangy/Data-Science-Cheatsheet

SQL Cheatsheet

sqltutorial.org/sql-cheat-sheet

t.iss.one/sqlspecialist/827

https://www.sqltutorial.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SQL-cheat-sheet.pdf

Java Programming Cheatsheet

https://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11cheatsheet/

Javascript Cheatsheet

quickref.me/javascript.html

t.iss.one/javascript_courses/532

Data Analytics Cheatsheets

https://dataanalytics.beehiiv.com/p/data

Python Cheat sheet

quickref.me/python.html

https://t.iss.one/pythondevelopersindia/314

GIT and Machine Learning Cheatsheet

https://t.iss.one/datasciencefun/714

HTML Cheatsheet

https://web.stanford.edu/group/csp/cs21/htmlcheatsheet.pdf

htmlcheatsheet.com

CSS Cheatsheet

htmlcheatsheet.com/css

jQuery Cheatsheet

t.iss.one/webdevelopmentbook/90

Data Visualization
t.iss.one/datasciencefun/698

Free entry to our WhatsApp channel

Join @free4unow_backup for more free resources

Like for more ❤️

ENJOY LEARNING👍👍

SQL Joins — A Practical Cheatsheet for Professionals

If you’re working with relational data — whether you’re a business analyst, backend dev, or aspiring data scientist — mastering SQL joins isn’t optional. It’s fundamental.

Here’s a concise guide to the most important join types, with real-world use cases:


INNER JOIN

Returns records with matching keys from both tables.
Use case: Show only customers who’ve placed at least one order.


LEFT JOIN (OUTER)

Returns all rows from the left table, and matched rows from the right.
Use case: List all customers, including those with zero orders.


RIGHT JOIN (OUTER)

Returns all rows from the right table. Rarely used, but powerful.
Use case: Show all orders, even if the customer was deleted.


FULL OUTER JOIN

Returns all records from both tables.
Use case: Capture everything — matched and unmatched.


CROSS JOIN

Returns the cartesian product.
Use case: Generate every possible product/supplier combo.


SELF JOIN

Joins a table to itself.
Use case: Show employees and their reporting managers.


Best Practices

Use aliases (A, B) for clean code
Prefer JOIN ON over WHERE for clarity
Always test joins with LIMIT to prevent overloads