โ
๐ค AโZ of Programming ๐ป
A โ API (Application Programming Interface)
Interface for programs to communicate with each other.
B โ Bug
Error or flaw in a program that causes incorrect results.
C โ Compiler
Tool that converts code into executable machine language.
D โ Debugging
Process of finding and fixing bugs in code.
E โ Exception
An error detected during execution, often requiring handling.
F โ Function
Reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
G โ Git
Version control system for tracking code changes.
H โ HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
Standard language for building web pages.
I โ IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Software that combines tools for coding, testing, and debugging.
J โ JavaScript
Language for building interactive web applications.
K โ Keyword
Reserved word with special meaning in a programming language.
L โ Loop
Structure for repeating a block of code multiple times.
M โ Module
File containing reusable code, functions, or classes.
N โ Namespace
Container to organize identifiers and avoid naming conflicts.
O โ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Paradigm based on objects and classes to structure code.
P โ Parameter
Value passed to a function to customize its behavior.
Q โ Query
Instruction to retrieve data, often from databases.
R โ Recursion
Function that calls itself to solve a problem.
S โ Syntax
Rules that define how code must be written.
T โ Try-Catch
Error-handling structure to catch exceptions.
U โ UI (User Interface)
Part of the program users interact with visually.
V โ Variable
Named storage for data in a program.
W โ While Loop
Loop that continues as long as a condition is true.
X โ XML
Markup language for storing and sharing structured data.
Y โ YAML
Readable format used for config files in DevOps and backends.
Z โ Zero-based Indexing
Common system where counting in arrays starts at 0.
๐ฌ Tap โค๏ธ for more!
A โ API (Application Programming Interface)
Interface for programs to communicate with each other.
B โ Bug
Error or flaw in a program that causes incorrect results.
C โ Compiler
Tool that converts code into executable machine language.
D โ Debugging
Process of finding and fixing bugs in code.
E โ Exception
An error detected during execution, often requiring handling.
F โ Function
Reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
G โ Git
Version control system for tracking code changes.
H โ HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
Standard language for building web pages.
I โ IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Software that combines tools for coding, testing, and debugging.
J โ JavaScript
Language for building interactive web applications.
K โ Keyword
Reserved word with special meaning in a programming language.
L โ Loop
Structure for repeating a block of code multiple times.
M โ Module
File containing reusable code, functions, or classes.
N โ Namespace
Container to organize identifiers and avoid naming conflicts.
O โ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Paradigm based on objects and classes to structure code.
P โ Parameter
Value passed to a function to customize its behavior.
Q โ Query
Instruction to retrieve data, often from databases.
R โ Recursion
Function that calls itself to solve a problem.
S โ Syntax
Rules that define how code must be written.
T โ Try-Catch
Error-handling structure to catch exceptions.
U โ UI (User Interface)
Part of the program users interact with visually.
V โ Variable
Named storage for data in a program.
W โ While Loop
Loop that continues as long as a condition is true.
X โ XML
Markup language for storing and sharing structured data.
Y โ YAML
Readable format used for config files in DevOps and backends.
Z โ Zero-based Indexing
Common system where counting in arrays starts at 0.
๐ฌ Tap โค๏ธ for more!
โค5
โ
Coding Interview Questions with Answers [Part-1] ๐ป๐
1. What is the time and space complexity of your code?
Time complexity measures how the runtime grows with input size. Space complexity measures memory used. Always analyze both to optimize your solution.
2. What is the difference between an array and a linked list?
Arrays store elements contiguously with fast access by index. Linked lists store elements as nodes connected by pointers, allowing easy insertion/deletion but slower access.
3. How does a HashMap work internally?
It uses a hash function to convert keys into indexes in an array. Collisions are handled by chaining (linked lists) or open addressing.
4. What is recursion? Give an example.
Recursion is a function calling itself to solve smaller subproblems.
Example: Factorial(n) = n ร Factorial(n-1), with base case Factorial(0) = 1.
5. Explain stack vs. queue.
Stack: Last In First Out (LIFO), like a stack of plates.
Queue: First In First Out (FIFO), like a line at a store.
6. What is a binary search and when to use it?
Binary search efficiently finds an item in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. Use on sorted data for O(log n) time.
7. What is the difference between BFS and DFS?
BFS (Breadth-First Search) explores nodes level by level using a queue.
DFS (Depth-First Search) explores as far as possible along a branch using a stack or recursion.
8. What is dynamic programming?
A method to solve problems by breaking them into overlapping subproblems and storing solutions to avoid repeated work.
9. Solve Fibonacci using memoization.
Memoization stores already calculated Fibonacci numbers in a cache to reduce repeated calculations and improve performance from exponential to linear time.
10. Explain two-pointer technique with an example.
Use two pointers to traverse data structures simultaneously.
Example: Find if a sorted array has two numbers summing to a target by moving pointers from start and end inward.
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For Part-2!
1. What is the time and space complexity of your code?
Time complexity measures how the runtime grows with input size. Space complexity measures memory used. Always analyze both to optimize your solution.
2. What is the difference between an array and a linked list?
Arrays store elements contiguously with fast access by index. Linked lists store elements as nodes connected by pointers, allowing easy insertion/deletion but slower access.
3. How does a HashMap work internally?
It uses a hash function to convert keys into indexes in an array. Collisions are handled by chaining (linked lists) or open addressing.
4. What is recursion? Give an example.
Recursion is a function calling itself to solve smaller subproblems.
Example: Factorial(n) = n ร Factorial(n-1), with base case Factorial(0) = 1.
5. Explain stack vs. queue.
Stack: Last In First Out (LIFO), like a stack of plates.
Queue: First In First Out (FIFO), like a line at a store.
6. What is a binary search and when to use it?
Binary search efficiently finds an item in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. Use on sorted data for O(log n) time.
7. What is the difference between BFS and DFS?
BFS (Breadth-First Search) explores nodes level by level using a queue.
DFS (Depth-First Search) explores as far as possible along a branch using a stack or recursion.
8. What is dynamic programming?
A method to solve problems by breaking them into overlapping subproblems and storing solutions to avoid repeated work.
9. Solve Fibonacci using memoization.
Memoization stores already calculated Fibonacci numbers in a cache to reduce repeated calculations and improve performance from exponential to linear time.
10. Explain two-pointer technique with an example.
Use two pointers to traverse data structures simultaneously.
Example: Find if a sorted array has two numbers summing to a target by moving pointers from start and end inward.
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For Part-2!
โค5
โ
Coding Interview Questions with Answers [Part-2] ๐ป๐
11. What is a sliding window algorithm?
A technique for solving problems involving arrays or strings by maintaining a window that slides over data. It helps reduce time complexity by avoiding nested loops.
Example: Finding the max sum of subarrays of size k.
12. Detect cycle in a linked list.
Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm (Tortoise and Hare).
โฆ Move two pointers at different speeds.
โฆ If they meet, a cycle exists.
โฆ To find the cycle start, reset one pointer to head and move both one step until they meet again.
13. Find the intersection of two arrays.
Use a HashSet to store elements of the first array, then check each element in the second array.
โฆ Time: O(n + m)
โฆ Space: O(min(n, m))
14. Reverse a string or linked list.
โฆ For a string: Use two-pointer swap or Python's slicing.
โฆ For a linked list: Use three pointers (prev, curr, next) and iterate while reversing links.
15. Check if a string is a palindrome.
Use two pointers from start and end, compare characters.
Return false if mismatch, true if all characters match.
16. What are the different sorting algorithms?
โฆ Bubble Sort
โฆ Selection Sort
โฆ Insertion Sort
โฆ Merge Sort
โฆ Quick Sort
โฆ Heap Sort
โฆ Radix Sort
Each has different time and space complexities.
17. Explain quicksort vs. mergesort.
โฆ Quicksort: Divide and conquer, picks a pivot.
โฆ Average: O(n log n), Worst: O(nยฒ), Space: O(log n)
โฆ Mergesort: Always divides array into halves, then merges.
โฆ Time: O(n log n), Space: O(n), Stable sort
18. What is a binary search tree (BST)?
A tree where left child < node < right child.
โฆ Efficient for searching, insertion, deletion: O(log n) if balanced.
โฆ Unbalanced BST can degrade to O(n)
19. Inorder, Preorder, Postorder traversals.
โฆ Inorder (LNR): Sorted order in BST
โฆ Preorder (NLR): Used to copy or serialize tree
โฆ Postorder (LRN): Used to delete tree
20. Implement LRU Cache.
Use a combination of HashMap + Doubly Linked List.
โฆ HashMap stores key-node pairs.
โฆ Linked list maintains access order.
โฆ When cache is full, remove the least recently used node.
Operations (get, put): O(1) time.
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For Part-3!
11. What is a sliding window algorithm?
A technique for solving problems involving arrays or strings by maintaining a window that slides over data. It helps reduce time complexity by avoiding nested loops.
Example: Finding the max sum of subarrays of size k.
12. Detect cycle in a linked list.
Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm (Tortoise and Hare).
โฆ Move two pointers at different speeds.
โฆ If they meet, a cycle exists.
โฆ To find the cycle start, reset one pointer to head and move both one step until they meet again.
13. Find the intersection of two arrays.
Use a HashSet to store elements of the first array, then check each element in the second array.
โฆ Time: O(n + m)
โฆ Space: O(min(n, m))
14. Reverse a string or linked list.
โฆ For a string: Use two-pointer swap or Python's slicing.
โฆ For a linked list: Use three pointers (prev, curr, next) and iterate while reversing links.
15. Check if a string is a palindrome.
Use two pointers from start and end, compare characters.
Return false if mismatch, true if all characters match.
16. What are the different sorting algorithms?
โฆ Bubble Sort
โฆ Selection Sort
โฆ Insertion Sort
โฆ Merge Sort
โฆ Quick Sort
โฆ Heap Sort
โฆ Radix Sort
Each has different time and space complexities.
17. Explain quicksort vs. mergesort.
โฆ Quicksort: Divide and conquer, picks a pivot.
โฆ Average: O(n log n), Worst: O(nยฒ), Space: O(log n)
โฆ Mergesort: Always divides array into halves, then merges.
โฆ Time: O(n log n), Space: O(n), Stable sort
18. What is a binary search tree (BST)?
A tree where left child < node < right child.
โฆ Efficient for searching, insertion, deletion: O(log n) if balanced.
โฆ Unbalanced BST can degrade to O(n)
19. Inorder, Preorder, Postorder traversals.
โฆ Inorder (LNR): Sorted order in BST
โฆ Preorder (NLR): Used to copy or serialize tree
โฆ Postorder (LRN): Used to delete tree
20. Implement LRU Cache.
Use a combination of HashMap + Doubly Linked List.
โฆ HashMap stores key-node pairs.
โฆ Linked list maintains access order.
โฆ When cache is full, remove the least recently used node.
Operations (get, put): O(1) time.
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For Part-3!
โค6
โ
Coding Interview Questions with Answers [Part-3] ๐ป๐
21. Find the longest substring without repeating characters
Use a sliding window with a set to track characters.
22. Explain backtracking with N-Queens problem
Backtracking tries placing a queen in each column, then recursively places the next queen if safe. If no safe position is found, it backtracks.
23. What is a trie? Where is it used?
A Trie is a tree-like data structure used for efficient retrieval of strings, especially for autocomplete or prefix matching.
Used in:
- Dictionary lookups
- Search engines
- IP routing
24. Explain bit manipulation tricks
- Check if number is power of 2:
- Count set bits:
- Swap without temp:
25. Kadaneโs Algorithm for maximum subarray sum
26. What are heaps and how do they work?
Heap is a binary tree where parent is always smaller (min-heap) or larger (max-heap) than children. Supports O(log n) insert and delete.
Use Pythonโs heapq for min-heaps.
27. Find kth largest element in an array
28. How to detect cycle in a graph?
Use DFS with visited and recursion stack.
29. Topological sort of a DAG
Used to sort tasks with dependencies.
30. Implement a stack using queues
21. Find the longest substring without repeating characters
Use a sliding window with a set to track characters.
def length_of_longest_substring(s):
seen = set()
left = max_len = 0
for right in range(len(s)):
while s[right] in seen:
seen.remove(s[left])
left += 1
seen.add(s[right])
max_len = max(max_len, right - left + 1)
return max_len
22. Explain backtracking with N-Queens problem
Backtracking tries placing a queen in each column, then recursively places the next queen if safe. If no safe position is found, it backtracks.
def solve_n_queens(n):
result = []
board = [-1]รn
def is_safe(row, col):
for r in range(row):
if board[r] == col or abs(board[r] - col) == abs(r - row):
return False
return True
def backtrack(row=0):
if row == n:
result.append(board[:])
return
for col in range(n):
if is_safe(row, col):
board[row] = col
backtrack(row + 1)
board[row] = -1
backtrack()
return result
23. What is a trie? Where is it used?
A Trie is a tree-like data structure used for efficient retrieval of strings, especially for autocomplete or prefix matching.
Used in:
- Dictionary lookups
- Search engines
- IP routing
24. Explain bit manipulation tricks
- Check if number is power of 2:
n & (n - 1) == 0 - Count set bits:
bin(n).count('1') - Swap without temp:
x = x ^ y; y = x ^ y; x = x ^ y25. Kadaneโs Algorithm for maximum subarray sum
def max_subarray(nums):
max_sum = current = nums[0]
for num in nums[1:]:
current = max(num, current + num)
max_sum = max(max_sum, current)
return max_sum
26. What are heaps and how do they work?
Heap is a binary tree where parent is always smaller (min-heap) or larger (max-heap) than children. Supports O(log n) insert and delete.
Use Pythonโs heapq for min-heaps.
27. Find kth largest element in an array
import heapq
def find_kth_largest(nums, k):
return heapq.nlargest(k, nums)[-1]
28. How to detect cycle in a graph?
Use DFS with visited and recursion stack.
def has_cycle(graph):
visited = set()
rec_stack = set()
def dfs(v):
visited.add(v)
rec_stack.add(v)
for neighbor in graph[v]:
if neighbor not in visited and dfs(neighbor):
return True
elif neighbor in rec_stack:
return True
rec_stack.remove(v)
return False
for node in graph:
if node not in visited and dfs(node):
return True
return False
29. Topological sort of a DAG
Used to sort tasks with dependencies.
def topological_sort(graph):
visited, result = set(), []
def dfs(node):
if node in visited:
return
visited.add(node)
for neighbor in graph.get(node, []):
dfs(neighbor)
result.append(node)
for node in graph:
dfs(node)
return result[::-1]
30. Implement a stack using queues
from collections import deque
class Stack:
def init(self):
self.q = deque()
def push(self, x):
self.q.append(x)
for _ in range(len(self.q) - 1):
self.q.append(self.q.popleft())
def pop(self):
return self.q.popleft()
def top(self):
return self.q[0]
def empty(self):
return not self.q
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For Part-4!โค9๐1
Sometimes reality outpaces expectations in the most unexpected ways.
While global AI development seems increasingly fragmented, Sber just released Europe's largest open-source AI collectionโfull weights, code, and commercial rights included.
โ No API paywalls.
โ No usage restrictions.
โ Just four complete model families ready to run in your private infrastructure, fine-tuned on your data, serving your specific needs.
What makes this release remarkable isn't merely the technical prowess, but the quiet confidence behind sharing it openly when others are building walls. Find out more in the article from the developers.
GigaChat Ultra Preview: 702B-parameter MoE model (36B active per token) with 128K context window. Trained from scratch, it outperforms DeepSeek V3.1 on specialized benchmarks while maintaining faster inference than previous flagships. Enterprise-ready with offline fine-tuning for secure environments.
GitHub | HuggingFace | GitVerse
GigaChat Lightning offers the opposite balance: compact yet powerful MoE architecture running on your laptop. It competes with Qwen3-4B in quality, matches the speed of Qwen3-1.7B, yet is significantly smarter and larger in parameter count.
Lightning holds its own against the best open-source models in its class, outperforms comparable models on different tasks, and delivers ultra-fast inferenceโmaking it ideal for scenarios where Ultra would be overkill and speed is critical. Plus, it features stable expert routing and a welcome bonus: 256K context support.
GitHub | Hugging Face | GitVerse
Kandinsky 5.0 brings a significant step forward in open generative models. The flagship Video Pro matches Veo 3 in visual quality and outperforms Wan 2.2-A14B, while Video Lite and Image Lite offer fast, lightweight alternatives for real-time use cases. The suite is powered by K-VAE 1.0, a high-efficiency open-source visual encoder that enables strong compression and serves as a solid base for training generative models. This stack balances performance, scalability, and practicalityโwhether you're building video pipelines or experimenting with multimodal generation.
GitHub | GitVerse | Hugging Face | Technical report
Audio gets its upgrade too: GigaAM-v3 delivers speech recognition model with 50% lower WER than Whisper-large-v3, trained on 700k hours of audio with punctuation/normalization for spontaneous speech.
GitHub | HuggingFace | GitVerse
Every model can be deployed on-premises, fine-tuned on your data, and used commercially. It's not just about catching up โ it's about building sovereign AI infrastructure that belongs to everyone who needs it.
While global AI development seems increasingly fragmented, Sber just released Europe's largest open-source AI collectionโfull weights, code, and commercial rights included.
โ No API paywalls.
โ No usage restrictions.
โ Just four complete model families ready to run in your private infrastructure, fine-tuned on your data, serving your specific needs.
What makes this release remarkable isn't merely the technical prowess, but the quiet confidence behind sharing it openly when others are building walls. Find out more in the article from the developers.
GigaChat Ultra Preview: 702B-parameter MoE model (36B active per token) with 128K context window. Trained from scratch, it outperforms DeepSeek V3.1 on specialized benchmarks while maintaining faster inference than previous flagships. Enterprise-ready with offline fine-tuning for secure environments.
GitHub | HuggingFace | GitVerse
GigaChat Lightning offers the opposite balance: compact yet powerful MoE architecture running on your laptop. It competes with Qwen3-4B in quality, matches the speed of Qwen3-1.7B, yet is significantly smarter and larger in parameter count.
Lightning holds its own against the best open-source models in its class, outperforms comparable models on different tasks, and delivers ultra-fast inferenceโmaking it ideal for scenarios where Ultra would be overkill and speed is critical. Plus, it features stable expert routing and a welcome bonus: 256K context support.
GitHub | Hugging Face | GitVerse
Kandinsky 5.0 brings a significant step forward in open generative models. The flagship Video Pro matches Veo 3 in visual quality and outperforms Wan 2.2-A14B, while Video Lite and Image Lite offer fast, lightweight alternatives for real-time use cases. The suite is powered by K-VAE 1.0, a high-efficiency open-source visual encoder that enables strong compression and serves as a solid base for training generative models. This stack balances performance, scalability, and practicalityโwhether you're building video pipelines or experimenting with multimodal generation.
GitHub | GitVerse | Hugging Face | Technical report
Audio gets its upgrade too: GigaAM-v3 delivers speech recognition model with 50% lower WER than Whisper-large-v3, trained on 700k hours of audio with punctuation/normalization for spontaneous speech.
GitHub | HuggingFace | GitVerse
Every model can be deployed on-premises, fine-tuned on your data, and used commercially. It's not just about catching up โ it's about building sovereign AI infrastructure that belongs to everyone who needs it.
โค4๐2
โ
DSA Roadmap for Beginners (2025) ๐ข๐ง
1. Understand What DSA Is
โฆ Data Structures organize data efficiently; Algorithms solve problems step-by-step
โฆ Why learn: Boosts coding interviews, optimizes code for tech jobs
2. Pick a Programming Language
โฆ Start with Python, C++, or Java for syntax basics
โฆ Focus on loops, arrays, functions before diving deep
3. Learn Time & Space Complexity
โฆ Big-O notation: O(1), O(n), O(nยฒ)
โฆ Analyze efficiency to write better code
4. Master Basic Data Structures
โฆ Arrays & Strings: Indexing, manipulation
โฆ Linked Lists: Insertion, deletion, reversal
5. Explore Stacks & Queues
โฆ LIFO (Stack) for undo operations, FIFO (Queue) for tasks
โฆ Applications: Parentheses balancing, BFS
6. Dive into Trees & Graphs
โฆ Binary Trees, BSTs: Traversal (BFS/DFS)
โฆ Graphs: Adjacency lists, shortest paths (Dijkstra)
7. Learn Sorting & Searching
โฆ Algorithms: Bubble, Merge, Quick Sort; Binary Search
โฆ Understand when to use each for efficiency
8. Tackle Recursion & Backtracking
โฆ Base cases, recursive calls
โฆ Problems: Subsets, N-Queens
9. Work on Dynamic Programming
โฆ Memoization, tabulation
โฆ Classics: Fibonacci, Knapsack, LCS
10. Bonus Skills
โฆ Heaps, Tries, Greedy algorithms
โฆ Practice on LeetCode, HackerRank; build projects like pathfinders
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For More
1. Understand What DSA Is
โฆ Data Structures organize data efficiently; Algorithms solve problems step-by-step
โฆ Why learn: Boosts coding interviews, optimizes code for tech jobs
2. Pick a Programming Language
โฆ Start with Python, C++, or Java for syntax basics
โฆ Focus on loops, arrays, functions before diving deep
3. Learn Time & Space Complexity
โฆ Big-O notation: O(1), O(n), O(nยฒ)
โฆ Analyze efficiency to write better code
4. Master Basic Data Structures
โฆ Arrays & Strings: Indexing, manipulation
โฆ Linked Lists: Insertion, deletion, reversal
5. Explore Stacks & Queues
โฆ LIFO (Stack) for undo operations, FIFO (Queue) for tasks
โฆ Applications: Parentheses balancing, BFS
6. Dive into Trees & Graphs
โฆ Binary Trees, BSTs: Traversal (BFS/DFS)
โฆ Graphs: Adjacency lists, shortest paths (Dijkstra)
7. Learn Sorting & Searching
โฆ Algorithms: Bubble, Merge, Quick Sort; Binary Search
โฆ Understand when to use each for efficiency
8. Tackle Recursion & Backtracking
โฆ Base cases, recursive calls
โฆ Problems: Subsets, N-Queens
9. Work on Dynamic Programming
โฆ Memoization, tabulation
โฆ Classics: Fibonacci, Knapsack, LCS
10. Bonus Skills
โฆ Heaps, Tries, Greedy algorithms
โฆ Practice on LeetCode, HackerRank; build projects like pathfinders
๐ฌ Double Tap โฅ๏ธ For More
โค2๐1
โ
JavaScript Essentials โ Interview Questions with Answers ๐ง ๐ป
1๏ธโฃ Q: What is the difference between let, const, and var?
A:
โฆ var: Function-scoped, hoisted, can be redeclared.
โฆ let: Block-scoped, not hoisted like var, can't be redeclared in same scope.
โฆ const: Block-scoped, must be assigned at declaration, cannot be reassigned.
2๏ธโฃ Q: What are JavaScript data types?
A:
โฆ Primitive types: string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint
โฆ Non-primitive: object, array, function
Type coercion: JS automatically converts between types in operations ('5' + 2 โ '52')
3๏ธโฃ Q: How does DOM Manipulation work in JS?
A:
The DOM (Document Object Model) represents the HTML structure. JS can access and change elements using:
โฆ
โฆ
โฆ
Example:
4๏ธโฃ Q: What is event handling in JavaScript?
A:
It allows reacting to user actions like clicks or key presses.
Example:
5๏ธโฃ Q: What are arrow functions?
A:
A shorter syntax for functions introduced in ES6.
๐ฌ Double Tap โค๏ธ For More
1๏ธโฃ Q: What is the difference between let, const, and var?
A:
โฆ var: Function-scoped, hoisted, can be redeclared.
โฆ let: Block-scoped, not hoisted like var, can't be redeclared in same scope.
โฆ const: Block-scoped, must be assigned at declaration, cannot be reassigned.
2๏ธโฃ Q: What are JavaScript data types?
A:
โฆ Primitive types: string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint
โฆ Non-primitive: object, array, function
Type coercion: JS automatically converts between types in operations ('5' + 2 โ '52')
3๏ธโฃ Q: How does DOM Manipulation work in JS?
A:
The DOM (Document Object Model) represents the HTML structure. JS can access and change elements using:
โฆ
document.getElementById()โฆ
document.querySelector()โฆ
element.innerHTML (sets HTML content), element.textContent (sets text only), element.style (applies CSS) Example:
document.querySelector('p').textContent = 'Updated text!';4๏ธโฃ Q: What is event handling in JavaScript?
A:
It allows reacting to user actions like clicks or key presses.
Example:
document.getElementById("btn").addEventListener("click", () => {
alert("Button clicked!");
});5๏ธโฃ Q: What are arrow functions?
A:
A shorter syntax for functions introduced in ES6.
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
๐ฌ Double Tap โค๏ธ For More
โค5
๐จโ๐System Design Topics: Cheat Sheet for Interview Preparation
โ๏ธ Load Balancing
โ๏ธ API Gateway
โ๏ธ Communication Protocols
โ๏ธ CDN (Content Delivery Network)
โ๏ธ Database
โ๏ธ Cache
โ๏ธ Message Queue
โ๏ธ Generating Unique Identifiers
โ๏ธ Scalability
โ๏ธ Availability
โ๏ธ Performance
โ๏ธ Fault Tolerance and Recovery
โ๏ธ Security and much more
โ๏ธ Load Balancing
โ๏ธ API Gateway
โ๏ธ Communication Protocols
โ๏ธ CDN (Content Delivery Network)
โ๏ธ Database
โ๏ธ Cache
โ๏ธ Message Queue
โ๏ธ Generating Unique Identifiers
โ๏ธ Scalability
โ๏ธ Availability
โ๏ธ Performance
โ๏ธ Fault Tolerance and Recovery
โ๏ธ Security and much more
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Entry to our VIP channel is completely free today. Tomorrow it will cost $500! ๐ฅ
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๐ COMPLETE ROADMAP: FROM 4 LPA TO 40 LPA (STEP-BY-STEP PLAN)
PHASE 1: STRONG FOUNDATION (0 โ 6 Months)
โ Master DSA + Core Java
Arrays, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Graphs, DP
Daily problem solving on LeetCode / CodeStudio
Focus on writing clean & optimised code
PHASE 2: BACKEND DEVELOPMENT (6 โ 12 Months)
โ Become Backend Expert
Spring Boot + REST APIs
Microservices Architecture
SQL + NoSQL Databases
Authentication, JWT, Security Concepts
Build real-world scalable projects
PHASE 3: CLOUD & DEVOPS (12 โ 15 Months)
โ Deployment Skills
Docker & Kubernetes
AWS / GCP / Azure
CI/CD Pipelines
System Monitoring & Scaling
PHASE 4: SYSTEM DESIGN (15 โ 20 Months)
โ Crack High-Level Interviews
Low Level Design (LLD)
High Level Design (HLD)
Load Balancing, Caching, Database Scaling
Design systems like Netflix, Uber, WhatsApp
PHASE 5: ADVANCED ENGINEERING (20 โ 30 Months)
โ Become 10x Engineer
Concurrency & Multithreading
Performance Optimisation
Distributed Systems
Message Queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
PHASE 6: BRAND + INTERVIEW PREP (30 โ 36 Months)
โ Personal Branding
Strong GitHub Portfolio
Technical Blogs
LinkedIn Optimisation
Mock Interviews + DSA Revision
PHASE 7: TARGET HIGH-PAY COMPANIES (3 โ 5 Years)
โ Apply For:
MAANG Companies
Product-Based Giants
Remote International Roles
High Paying Startups
๐ฏ RESULT: 4 LPA โ 40 LPA CAREER TRANSFORMATION
Consistency + Smart Learning + Real Projects = High Salary Growth ๐ฐ
Reality Check : ๐
โน40 LPA is not magic. ๐ช
Itโs built with:
Deep skills
Smart job switches
High-leverage projects
Strategic career moves
React โค๏ธ For More
PHASE 1: STRONG FOUNDATION (0 โ 6 Months)
โ Master DSA + Core Java
Arrays, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Graphs, DP
Daily problem solving on LeetCode / CodeStudio
Focus on writing clean & optimised code
PHASE 2: BACKEND DEVELOPMENT (6 โ 12 Months)
โ Become Backend Expert
Spring Boot + REST APIs
Microservices Architecture
SQL + NoSQL Databases
Authentication, JWT, Security Concepts
Build real-world scalable projects
PHASE 3: CLOUD & DEVOPS (12 โ 15 Months)
โ Deployment Skills
Docker & Kubernetes
AWS / GCP / Azure
CI/CD Pipelines
System Monitoring & Scaling
PHASE 4: SYSTEM DESIGN (15 โ 20 Months)
โ Crack High-Level Interviews
Low Level Design (LLD)
High Level Design (HLD)
Load Balancing, Caching, Database Scaling
Design systems like Netflix, Uber, WhatsApp
PHASE 5: ADVANCED ENGINEERING (20 โ 30 Months)
โ Become 10x Engineer
Concurrency & Multithreading
Performance Optimisation
Distributed Systems
Message Queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
PHASE 6: BRAND + INTERVIEW PREP (30 โ 36 Months)
โ Personal Branding
Strong GitHub Portfolio
Technical Blogs
LinkedIn Optimisation
Mock Interviews + DSA Revision
PHASE 7: TARGET HIGH-PAY COMPANIES (3 โ 5 Years)
โ Apply For:
MAANG Companies
Product-Based Giants
Remote International Roles
High Paying Startups
๐ฏ RESULT: 4 LPA โ 40 LPA CAREER TRANSFORMATION
Consistency + Smart Learning + Real Projects = High Salary Growth ๐ฐ
Reality Check : ๐
โน40 LPA is not magic. ๐ช
Itโs built with:
Deep skills
Smart job switches
High-leverage projects
Strategic career moves
React โค๏ธ For More
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๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ & ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ป๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ฅ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐น๐ฎ๐๐๐
Kickstart Your Data Science Career
This Masterclass will help you build a strong foundation in Data Science
Eligibility :- Students ,Freshers & Working Professionals
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐:-
https://pdlink.in/3XDI0ie
Date & Time:- 5th Dec 2025 ,7PM
Kickstart Your Data Science Career
This Masterclass will help you build a strong foundation in Data Science
Eligibility :- Students ,Freshers & Working Professionals
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐:-
https://pdlink.in/3XDI0ie
Date & Time:- 5th Dec 2025 ,7PM
โค1
โ
Programming Language Fun Facts ๐ง ๐ป
1๏ธโฃ Python ๐
โฆ Created by Guido van Rossum in 1991
โฆ Known for readability and simplicity
โฆ Tops 2025 charts in AI, data science, and automation
2๏ธโฃ JavaScript ๐
โฆ Invented in just 10 days by Brendan Eich (1995)
โฆ Runs in every modern web browser
โฆ Powers 95%+ of websites
3๏ธโฃ C ๐ฅ๏ธ
โฆ Developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969-73
โฆ Backbone of OS kernels and embedded systems
โฆ Foundation for C++, C#, Objective-C
4๏ธโฃ Java โ
โฆ Released by Sun Microsystems in 1995
โฆ โWrite once, run anywhereโ mantra
โฆ Powers Android apps and enterprise software
5๏ธโฃ Rust ๐ฆ
โฆ Launched by Mozilla in 2010
โฆ Focuses on memory safety without a garbage collector
โฆ Popular for system-level programming
6๏ธโฃ Go (Golang) ๐น
โฆ Created at Google in 2009
โฆ Designed for simplicity and performance
โฆ Great for backend and microservices
7๏ธโฃ TypeScript ๐ท
โฆ Microsoftโs superset of JavaScript (2012)
โฆ Adds static typing
โฆ Hot in large frontend projects
๐ฌ Tap โค๏ธ for more!
1๏ธโฃ Python ๐
โฆ Created by Guido van Rossum in 1991
โฆ Known for readability and simplicity
โฆ Tops 2025 charts in AI, data science, and automation
2๏ธโฃ JavaScript ๐
โฆ Invented in just 10 days by Brendan Eich (1995)
โฆ Runs in every modern web browser
โฆ Powers 95%+ of websites
3๏ธโฃ C ๐ฅ๏ธ
โฆ Developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969-73
โฆ Backbone of OS kernels and embedded systems
โฆ Foundation for C++, C#, Objective-C
4๏ธโฃ Java โ
โฆ Released by Sun Microsystems in 1995
โฆ โWrite once, run anywhereโ mantra
โฆ Powers Android apps and enterprise software
5๏ธโฃ Rust ๐ฆ
โฆ Launched by Mozilla in 2010
โฆ Focuses on memory safety without a garbage collector
โฆ Popular for system-level programming
6๏ธโฃ Go (Golang) ๐น
โฆ Created at Google in 2009
โฆ Designed for simplicity and performance
โฆ Great for backend and microservices
7๏ธโฃ TypeScript ๐ท
โฆ Microsoftโs superset of JavaScript (2012)
โฆ Adds static typing
โฆ Hot in large frontend projects
๐ฌ Tap โค๏ธ for more!
โค2