Coding Interview Resources
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This channel contains the free resources and solution of coding problems which are usually asked in the interviews.

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When preparing for an SQL project-based interview, the focus typically shifts from theoretical knowledge to practical application. Here are some SQL project-based interview questions that could help assess your problem-solving skills and experience:

1. Database Design and Schema
- Question: Describe a database schema you have designed in a past project. What were the key entities, and how did you establish relationships between them?
- Follow-Up: How did you handle normalization? Did you denormalize any tables for performance reasons?

2. Data Modeling
- Question: How would you model a database for an e-commerce application? What tables would you include, and how would they relate to each other?
- Follow-Up: How would you design the schema to handle scenarios like discount codes, product reviews, and inventory management?

3. Query Optimization
- Question: Can you discuss a time when you optimized an SQL query? What was the original query, and what changes did you make to improve its performance?
- Follow-Up: What tools or techniques did you use to identify and resolve the performance issues?

4. ETL Processes
- Question: Describe an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process you have implemented. How did you handle data extraction, transformation, and loading?
- Follow-Up: How did you ensure data quality and consistency during the ETL process?

5. Handling Large Datasets
- Question: In a project where you dealt with large datasets, how did you manage performance and storage issues?
- Follow-Up: What indexing strategies or partitioning techniques did you use?

6. Joins and Subqueries
- Question: Provide an example of a complex query you wrote involving multiple joins and subqueries. What was the business problem you were solving?
- Follow-Up: How did you ensure that the query performed efficiently?

7. Stored Procedures and Functions
- Question: Have you created stored procedures or functions in any of your projects? Can you describe one and explain why you chose to encapsulate the logic in a stored procedure?
- Follow-Up: How did you handle error handling and logging within the stored procedure?

8. Data Integrity and Constraints
- Question: How did you enforce data integrity in your SQL projects? Can you give examples of constraints (e.g., primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints) you implemented?
- Follow-Up: How did you handle situations where constraints needed to be temporarily disabled or modified?

9. Version Control and Collaboration
- Question: How did you manage database version control in your projects? What tools or practices did you use to ensure collaboration with other developers?
- Follow-Up: How did you handle conflicts or issues arising from multiple developers working on the same database?

10. Data Migration
- Question: Describe a data migration project you worked on. How did you ensure that the migration was successful, and what steps did you take to handle data inconsistencies or errors?
- Follow-Up: How did you test the migration process before moving to the production environment?

11. Security and Permissions
- Question: In your SQL projects, how did you manage database security?
- Follow-Up: How did you handle encryption or sensitive data within the database?

12. Handling Unstructured Data
- Question: Have you worked with unstructured or semi-structured data in an SQL environment?
- Follow-Up: What challenges did you face, and how did you overcome them?

13. Real-Time Data Processing
   - Question: Can you describe a project where you handled real-time data processing using SQL? What were the key challenges, and how did you address them?
   - Follow-Up: How did you ensure the performance and reliability of the real-time data processing system?

Be prepared to discuss specific examples from your past work and explain your thought process in detail.

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DSA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the difference between file structure and storage structure?
The difference lies in the memory area accessed. Storage structure refers to the data structure in the memory of the computer system,
whereas file structure represents the storage structure in the auxiliary memory.

2. Are linked lists considered linear or non-linear Data Structures?
Linked lists are considered both linear and non-linear data structures depending upon the application they are used for. When used for
access strategies, it is considered as a linear data-structure. When used for data storage, it is considered a non-linear data structure.

3. How do you reference all of the elements in a one-dimension array?
All of the elements in a one-dimension array can be referenced using an indexed loop as the array subscript so that the counter runs
from 0 to the array size minus one.

4. What are dynamic Data Structures? Name a few.
They are collections of data in memory that expand and contract to grow or shrink in size as a program runs. This enables the programmer
to control exactly how much memory is to be utilized.Examples are the dynamic array, linked list, stack, queue, and heap.

5. What is a Dequeue?
It is a double-ended queue, or a data structure, where the elements can be inserted or deleted at both ends (FRONT and REAR).

6. What operations can be performed on queues?
enqueue() adds an element to the end of the queue
dequeue() removes an element from the front of the queue
init() is used for initializing the queue
isEmpty tests for whether or not the queue is empty
The front is used to get the value of the first data item but does not remove it
The rear is used to get the last item from a queue.

7. What is the merge sort? How does it work?
Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm for sorting the data. It works by merging and sorting adjacent data to create bigger sorted
lists, which are then merged recursively to form even bigger sorted lists until you have one single sorted list.

8.How does the Selection sort work?
Selection sort works by repeatedly picking the smallest number in ascending order from the list and placing it at the beginning. This process is repeated moving toward the end of the list or sorted subarray.

Scan all items and find the smallest. Switch over the position as the first item. Repeat the selection sort on the remaining N-1 items. We always iterate forward (i from 0 to N-1) and swap with the smallest element (always i).

Time complexity: best case O(n2); worst O(n2)

Space complexity: worst O(1)

9. What are the applications of graph Data Structure?
Transport grids where stations are represented as vertices and routes as the edges of the graph
Utility graphs of power or water, where vertices are connection points and edge the wires or pipes connecting them
Social network graphs to determine the flow of information and hotspots (edges and vertices)
Neural networks where vertices represent neurons and edge the synapses between them

10. What is an AVL tree?
An AVL (Adelson, Velskii, and Landi) tree is a height balancing binary search tree in which the difference of heights of the left
and right subtrees of any node is less than or equal to one. This controls the height of the binary search tree by not letting
it get skewed. This is used when working with a large data set, with continual pruning through insertion and deletion of data.

11. Differentiate NULL and VOID ?
Null is a value, whereas Void is a data type identifier
Null indicates an empty value for a variable, whereas void indicates pointers that have no initial size
Null means it never existed; Void means it existed but is not in effect

You can check these resources for Coding interview Preparation

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Day 24/100
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Reverse a list in Python
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C++ Programming Roadmap
|
|-- Fundamentals
| |-- Basics of Programming
| | |-- Introduction to C++
| | |-- Setting Up Development Environment (IDE: Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, etc.)
| | |-- Compiling and Running C++ Programs
| |
| |-- Syntax and Structure
| | |-- Basic Syntax
| | |-- Variables and Data Types
| | |-- Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise)
|
|-- Control Structures
| |-- Conditional Statements
| | |-- If-Else Statements
| | |-- Switch Case
| |
| |-- Loops
| | |-- For Loop
| | |-- While Loop
| | |-- Do-While Loop
| |
| |-- Jump Statements
| | |-- Break, Continue
| | |-- Goto Statement
|
|-- Functions and Scope
| |-- Defining Functions
| | |-- Function Syntax
| | |-- Parameters and Arguments (Pass by Value, Pass by Reference)
| | |-- Return Statement
| |
| |-- Function Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Functions with Different Parameters
| |
| |-- Scope and Lifetime
| | |-- Local and Global Scope
| | |-- Static Variables
|
|-- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
| |-- Basics of OOP
| | |-- Classes and Objects
| | |-- Member Functions and Data Members
| |
| |-- Constructors and Destructors
| | |-- Constructor Types (Default, Parameterized, Copy)
| | |-- Destructor Basics
| |
| |-- Inheritance
| | |-- Single and Multiple Inheritance
| | |-- Protected Access Specifier
| | |-- Virtual Base Class
| |
| |-- Polymorphism
| | |-- Function Overriding
| | |-- Virtual Functions and Pure Virtual Functions
| | |-- Abstract Classes
| |
| |-- Encapsulation and Abstraction
| | |-- Access Specifiers (Public, Private, Protected)
| | |-- Getters and Setters
| |
| |-- Operator Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, etc.)
| | |-- Friend Functions
|
|-- Advanced C++
| |-- Pointers and Dynamic Memory
| | |-- Pointer Basics
| | |-- Dynamic Memory Allocation (new, delete)
| | |-- Pointer Arithmetic
| |
| |-- References
| | |-- Reference Variables
| | |-- Passing by Reference
| |
| |-- Templates
| | |-- Function Templates
| | |-- Class Templates
| |
| |-- Exception Handling
| | |-- Try-Catch Blocks
| | |-- Throwing Exceptions
| | |-- Standard Exceptions
|
|-- Data Structures
| |-- Arrays and Strings
| | |-- One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
| | |-- String Handling
| |
| |-- Linked Lists
| | |-- Singly and Doubly Linked Lists
| |
| |-- Stacks and Queues
| | |-- Stack Operations (Push, Pop, Peek)
| | |-- Queue Operations (Enqueue, Dequeue)
| |
| |-- Trees and Graphs
| | |-- Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees
| | |-- Graph Representation and Traversal (DFS, BFS)
|
|-- Standard Template Library (STL)
| |-- Containers
| | |-- Vectors, Lists, Deques
| | |-- Stacks, Queues, Priority Queues
| | |-- Sets, Maps, Unordered Maps
| |
| |-- Iterators
| | |-- Input and Output Iterators
| | |-- Forward, Bidirectional, and Random Access Iterators
| |
| |-- Algorithms
| | |-- Sorting, Searching, and Manipulation
| | |-- Numeric Algorithms
|
|-- File Handling
| |-- Streams and File I/O
| | |-- ifstream, ofstream, fstream
| | |-- Reading and Writing Files
| | |-- Binary File Handling
|
|-- Testing and Debugging
| |-- Debugging Tools
| | |-- gdb (GNU Debugger)
| | |-- Valgrind for Memory Leak Detection
| |
| |-- Unit Testing
| | |-- Google Test (gtest)
| | |-- Writing and Running Tests
|
|-- Deployment and DevOps
| |-- Version Control with Git
| | |-- Integrating C++ Projects with GitHub
| |-- Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
| | |-- Using Jenkins or GitHub

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DSA (Data Structures and Algorithms) Essential Topics for Interviews

1๏ธโƒฃ Arrays and Strings

Basic operations (insert, delete, update)

Two-pointer technique

Sliding window

Prefix sum

Kadaneโ€™s algorithm

Subarray problems


2๏ธโƒฃ Linked List

Singly & Doubly Linked List

Reverse a linked list

Detect loop (Floydโ€™s Cycle)

Merge two sorted lists

Intersection of linked lists


3๏ธโƒฃ Stack & Queue

Stack using array or linked list

Queue and Circular Queue

Monotonic Stack/Queue

LRU Cache (LinkedHashMap/Deque)

Infix to Postfix conversion


4๏ธโƒฃ Hashing

HashMap, HashSet

Frequency counting

Two Sum problem

Group Anagrams

Longest Consecutive Sequence


5๏ธโƒฃ Recursion & Backtracking

Base cases and recursive calls

Subsets, permutations

N-Queens problem

Sudoku solver

Word search


6๏ธโƒฃ Trees & Binary Trees

Traversals (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder)

Height and Diameter

Balanced Binary Tree

Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA)

Serialize & Deserialize Tree


7๏ธโƒฃ Binary Search Trees (BST)

Search, Insert, Delete

Validate BST

Kth smallest/largest element

Convert BST to DLL


8๏ธโƒฃ Heaps & Priority Queues

Min Heap / Max Heap

Heapify

Top K elements

Merge K sorted lists

Median in a stream


9๏ธโƒฃ Graphs

Representations (adjacency list/matrix)

DFS, BFS

Cycle detection (directed & undirected)

Topological Sort

Dijkstraโ€™s & Bellman-Ford algorithm

Union-Find (Disjoint Set)


10๏ธโƒฃ Dynamic Programming (DP)

0/1 Knapsack

Longest Common Subsequence

Matrix Chain Multiplication

DP on subsequences

Memoization vs Tabulation


11๏ธโƒฃ Greedy Algorithms

Activity selection

Huffman coding

Fractional knapsack

Job scheduling


12๏ธโƒฃ Tries

Insert and search a word

Word search

Auto-complete feature


13๏ธโƒฃ Bit Manipulation

XOR, AND, OR basics

Check if power of 2

Single Number problem

Count set bits

Coding Interview Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VammZijATRSlLxywEC3X

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๐Ÿš€ Front-End Development Interview Topics

HTML & CSS
๐Ÿ”น Semantic HTML
๐Ÿ”น CSS Pre-Processors
๐Ÿ”น CSS Specificity
๐Ÿ”น Resetting & Normalizing CSS
๐Ÿ”น CSS Architecture
๐Ÿ”น SVGs
๐Ÿ”น Media Queries
๐Ÿ”น CSS Display Property
๐Ÿ”น CSS Position Property
๐Ÿ”น CSS Frameworks
๐Ÿ”น Pseudo Classes
๐Ÿ”น Sprites

JavaScript
๐Ÿ”น Event Delegation
๐Ÿ”น Attributes vs Properties
๐Ÿ”น Ternary Operators
๐Ÿ”น Promises vs Callbacks
๐Ÿ”น Single Page Application
๐Ÿ”น Higher-Order Functions
๐Ÿ”น == vs ===
๐Ÿ”น Mutable vs Immutable
๐Ÿ”น 'this'
๐Ÿ”น Prototypal Inheritance
๐Ÿ”น IFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression)
๐Ÿ”น Closure
๐Ÿ”น Null vs Undefined
๐Ÿ”น OOP vs Map
๐Ÿ”น .call & .apply
๐Ÿ”น Hoisting
๐Ÿ”น Objects
๐Ÿ”น Scope
๐Ÿ”น JS Frameworks

Data Structures and Algorithms
๐Ÿ”น Linked Lists
๐Ÿ”น Hash Tables
๐Ÿ”น Stacks
๐Ÿ”น Queues
๐Ÿ”น Trees
๐Ÿ”น Graphs
๐Ÿ”น Arrays
๐Ÿ”น Bubble Sort
๐Ÿ”น Binary Search
๐Ÿ”น Selection Sort
๐Ÿ”น Quick Sort
๐Ÿ”น Insertion Sort

Front-End Topics
๐Ÿ”น Performance
๐Ÿ”น Unit Testing
๐Ÿ”น End-to-End Testing (E2E)
๐Ÿ”น Web Accessibility
๐Ÿ”น CORS
๐Ÿ”น SEO
๐Ÿ”น REST
๐Ÿ”น APIs
๐Ÿ”น HTTP/HTTPS
๐Ÿ”น GitHub
๐Ÿ”น Task Runners
๐Ÿ”น Browser APIs
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Skills to master as a web developer
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