😃 Staycation:
Vacation spent at home.
اگر تعطیلات را در خونه میگذرانید در ‘استیکیشن’ هستید نه «وکیشن».

😁Frenemy:
کسی که هم دوست هست هم‌ دشمن. فرنمی( شما هم فرنمی‌دارید؟).

👉 Memo: Memorandum

Examples:

1. Memo: Meeting Reminder
This memo is being sent to all employees to remind them that the meeting today will take place at 2 pm in the conference room.
1. یادداشت: یادآوری جلسه
این یادداشت به تمام کارکنان ارسال می‌شود تا به این تذکر (یادآوری) دسترسی داشته باشند که جلسه امروز ساعت 2 بعدازظهر در اتاق کنفرانس برگزار می‌شود.

2. Memo: Holiday Schedule
This memo is being sent to all of our employees to inform them of our long holiday schedule. From December 24th to January 1st, we will be closed due to the New Year holiday.
2. یادداشت: برنامه تعطیلات
این یادداشت به تمام کارمندان ما برای اطلاع رسانی تعطیلات طولانی مدت ما فرستاده می‌شود. از تاریخ 24 دسامبر تا یکم ژانویه، ما به دلیل تعطیلات سال نو تعطیل خواهیم بود.

👉 Usual words:

Can you please pull the curtain? The light is bothering me.
1. میشه لطفاً پرده را بکشید، نور اذیتم می‌کنه.

Can you please close the curtains? The light is harming my eyes.
1. میشه لطفاً پرده‌ ها را بکشید، نور به چشم‌هام آسیب می‌زنه.

1. Could you please draw the curtain? The light is bothering me.
1. میشه لطفاً پرده‌ را بکشید، نور اذیتم میکنه‌.

2. Can you please pass me the salt shaker?
2. می‌شه لطفاً نمک‌پاش رو به من بدید؟

2. Please hand me the salt shaker.
2. لطفاً نمک‌پاش رو به من بده.

✍️ Reading

Parvin Ehtesami was a renowned Persian poet who was born on March 17, 1907, in Tabriz, Iran. She is considered one of the most prominent and influential female poets of modern Persian literature. Throughout her lifetime, she published over 20 collections of poetry, where she explored themes of love, nature, and spirituality with a unique style and sensitivity. She utilized various forms of traditional Persian poetry, such as Ghazals and Rubaiyat, to express herself in a way that touched the hearts of her readers. Ehtesami's poetry is characterized by her mastery of language and her ability to convey deep emotions in a simple and straightforward manner. Her work has been translated into many languages and is widely recognized and appreciated by lovers of poetry around the world.

👧 Multiple Choice Questions:

1. When was Parvin Ehtesami born?
a. March 17, 1907
b. August 16, 1909
c. June 16, 1929
d. September 16, 1919

2. Where was Parvin Ehtesami born?
a. Tehran, Iran
b. Isfahan, Iran
c. Tabriz, Iran
d. Mashhad, Iran

3. What is Parvin Ehtesami's profession?
a. A painter
b. A poet
c. A musician
d. An actress

4. How many collections of poetry did Parvin Ehtesami publish in her lifetime?
a. Over 20
b. Over 10
c. Over 30
d. Over 40

5. What were some of the themes explored in Parvin Ehtesami's poetry?
a. Love, nature, and spirituality
b. Politics, history, and war
c. Science, technology, and innovation
d. Sports, entertainment, and fashion

6. What literary forms did Parvin Ehtesami use in her poetry?
a. Ghazals and Rubaiyat
b. Sonnets and ballads
c. Novels and short stories
d. Plays and screenplays

7. How is Parvin Ehtesami's poetry characterized?
a. By complexity and ambiguity
b. By simplicity and straightforwardness
c. By humor and satire
d. By surrealism and fantasy

8. How did Parvin Ehtesami express herself in her poetry?
a. With a unique style and sensitivity
b. With complexity and ambiguity
c. With humor and satire
d. With surrealism and fantasy

9. How is Parvin Ehtesami's work received around the world?
a. Widely recognized and appreciated by lovers of poetry
b. Criticized for being too simple and straightforward
c. Not well-received due to its use of traditional Persian forms
d. Only appreciated by Iranian audiences.

10. Has Parvin Ehtesami's work been translated into other languages?
a. Yes, it has been translated into many languages
b. No, her work has only been published in Persian
c. Only a few of her poems have been translated
d. Her work has been translated, but only into a few languages.

Answers:
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. A

🧑‍🔧 True or False Questions:

1. Parvin Ehtesami was a male poet.

2. She was born in Tehran, Iran.

3. She only explored themes of nature in her poetry.

4. She used traditional Persian poetry forms in her work.

5. Her poetry has only been appreciated in Iran.

Answers: 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False

👧 Reading Skill:

Protecting our environment:
A sustainable Approach

It is undeniable that our planet's natural resources, including water and soil, are limited and invaluable. Their preservation and protection demand long-term and sustainable solutions. The environment is vital to our survival, and as a consequence, it is crucial that we take a holistic approach to it.

Firstly, the availability of water is crucial to sustain life on Earth, and this resource is finite. Water conservation is therefore crucial. Importantly, water should not be considered a commodity that can be sacrificed for profit. Instead, its conservation is mandatory for the sake of humanity and our planet.

Similarly, soil is a unique natural resource that has taken millions of years to develop. It is essential for sustaining both plant and animal life, supporting food production, and enabling the cleansing of groundwater. Soil conservation is also necessary to ensure its continued availability, within sustainable limits.

Protecting the environment is a complex issue. We need to examine how we source our energy, the types of transportation that we use, and the manufacturing processes that produce consumer goods. All of these factors contribute to the health of our planet, and we must find ways to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.

To conclude, it is our responsibility to look after our planet and the natural resources that it offers. We must work towards creating a sustainable future, protecting our natural resources and minimizing our impact on the environment. This requires the development of sustainable practices in all aspects of our lives, from business and industry to our own individual choices. Only with a collective effort can we protect our environment for future generations.

🧑‍🔧🧑‍🔧🧑‍🔧
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What type of approach should we take to protect the environment?

A. A short-term approach
B. A long-term and sustainable approach
C. A conservative approach
D. An exploitative approach

2. Why is water conservation important?

A. Because water is infinite
B. Because water is mandatory for humanity
C. Because water is not important for the planet
D. Because water is a commodity for profit

3. How long has it taken soil to develop into a natural resource?

A. Millions of years
B. A few hundred years
C. A few thousand years
D. A few decades

4. What is soil important for sustaining?

A. Plant life
B. Animal life
C. Food production
D. All of the above

5. Why is it necessary to examine how we source our energy, the types of transportation that we use, and the manufacturing processes that produce consumer goods?

A. To contribute to the health of our planet
B. To balance economic growth with environmental sustainability
C. To protect the natural resources of the planet
D. All of the above

6. What is our responsibility towards the planet?

A. To exploit its natural resources
B. To take from it as much as we can
C. To protect its natural resources
D. To ignore its natural resources

7. What does a sustainable future require?

A. Unbalanced practices in all aspects of our lives
B. Balanced practices in all aspects of our lives
C. Short-term solutions to environmental problems
D. Exploitation of natural resources

8. Who should work towards creating a sustainable future?

A. Everybody
B. Only business and industry
C. Only future generations
D. Only government

9. What can we do to protect our environment for future generations?

A. Exploit natural resources as much as we can
B. Develop unsustainable practices in all aspects of our lives
C. Develop sustainable practices in all aspects of our lives
D. Ignore our impact on the environment

10. What is required to protect our environment for future generations?

A. A collaborative effort
B. Individual effort only
C. Government effort only
D. Business and industry effort only

Answers:
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A

👉👉👉 Holistic Approach:
A holistic approach is a way of looking at a problem or situation as a whole and understanding how different parts of it are interconnected. In the context of the environment, it means considering all factors that affect the environment including social, economic, and cultural factors, not just environmental factors, and addressing the underlying causes of environmental problems, rather than just treating the symptoms.

1. What does the word "sustainable" mean in the context of protecting the environment?

a) Temporary
b) Limited
c) Enduring
d) Unreliable

Answer: c) Enduring

2. What is a key factor in the preservation of water resources?

a) Sacrifice
b) Commodity
c) Availability
d) Profits

Answer: c) Availability

3. Why is soil conservation important?

a) It is crucial to sustaining both plant and animal life
b) It is important to maintain groundwater quality
c) It is necessary for industrial growth
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

4. What is the significance of examining how we source our energy?

a) It contributes to the health of the planet
b) It enables cleansing of groundwater
c) It sustains plant and animal life
d) It is not related to protecting the environment

Answer: a) It contributes to the health of the planet

5. What is a long-term solution for protecting natural resources?

a) Ensuring their availability
b) Eliminating their use
c) Using them sparingly
d) Disregarding their value

Answer: a) Ensuring their availability

6. What is the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability?

a) They are mutually exclusive
b) They cannot coexist
c) They must be balanced
d) None of the above

Answer: c) They must be balanced

7. Why is water conservation mandatory?

a) It is unnecessary for humanity
b) It is vital to sustaining life on Earth
c) It does not contribute to natural resource preservation
d) All of the above

Answer: b) It is vital to sustaining life on Earth

8. What should the role of individuals be in protecting the environment?

a) To continue to waste natural resources
b) To prioritize economic growth over sustainability
c) To create a sustainable future
d) None of the above

Answer: c) To create a sustainable future

9. What is the ultimate goal of protecting the environment?

a) To limit economic growth
b) To minimize our impact on the environment
c) To ignore natural resource preservation
d) None of the above

Answer: b) To minimize our impact on the environment

10. What is the importance of taking a holistic approach to protecting the environment?

a) It is necessary to examine all aspects of our lives
b) It is not a relevant factor
c) It limits individual freedom
d) It is irrelevant to natural resource preservation

Answer: a) It is necessary to examine all aspects of our lives

👉👉👉
It is compulsory for my doctoral students to study the reading passages. In addition, I may consider these passages for their English exams.

😀😀😀
Murphy's Law: قانون مورفی

It means that if anything can go wrong, it will go wrong. It's a way of saying that sometimes things don't go as planned, and we need to be prepared for unexpected situations.

قانون مورفی به این معناست که اگر چیزی می‌تواند بد شود، بد هم می‌شود. قانون مورفی یادآور این است که گاهی اوقات چیزها به همان نحوی که دوست داریم پیش نمی‌رود و باید برای مواجهه با شرایط غیرمنتظره آماده باشیم.

1. If anything can go wrong, it will.
1. اگر چیزی بتواند اشتباه بشود، حتما
اشتباه خواهد شد. (اصل مورفی)

2. If you try to fix something, you'll make it worse.
2. اگر سعی کنید یک چیز را تعمیر کنید، بدتر خواهید کرد. (اصل مورفی)

Examples:

1. If you forget your umbrella, it will rain.

2. If you are running late, there will be traffic.

3. If you have a meeting scheduled, something urgent will come up.

4. If you wear white, you will spill something on it.

5. If you have a spare battery, you won't need it.