Typical java interview questions sorted by experience


Junior
* Name some of the characteristics of OO programming languages
* What are the access modifiers you know? What does each one do?
* What is the difference between overriding and overloading a method in Java?
* What’s the difference between an Interface and an abstract class?
* Can an Interface extend another Interface?
* What does the static word mean in Java?
* Can a static method be overridden in Java?
* What is Polymorphism? What about Inheritance?
* Can a constructor be inherited?
* Do objects get passed by reference or value in Java? Elaborate on that.
* What’s the difference between using == and .equals on a string?
* What is the hashCode() and equals() used for?
* What does the interface Serializable do? What about Parcelable in Android?
* Why are Array and ArrayList different? When would you use each?
* What’s the difference between an Integer and int?
* What is a ThreadPool? Is it better than using several “simple” threads?
* What the difference between local, instance and class variables?

Mid
* What is reflection?
* What is dependency injection? Can you name a few libraries? (Have you used any?)
* What are strong, soft and weak references in Java?
* What does the keyword synchronized mean?
* Can you have “memory leaks” on Java?
* Do you need to set references to null on Java/Android?
* What does it means to say that a String is immutable?
* What are transient and volatile modifiers?
* What is the finalize() method?
* How does the try{} finally{} works?
* What is the difference between instantiation and initialisation of an object?
* When is a static block run?
* Why are Generics are used in Java?
* Can you mention the design patterns you know? Which of those do you normally use?
* Can you mention some types of testing you know?

Senior
* How does Integer.parseInt() works?
* Do you know what is the “double check locking” problem?
* Do you know the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder?
* How is a StringBuilder implemented to avoid the immutable string allocation problem?
* What does Class.forName method do?
* What is Autoboxing and Unboxing?
* What’s the difference between an Enumeration and an Iterator?
* What is the difference between fail-fast and fail safe in Java?
* What is PermGen in Java?
* What is a Java priority queue?
* *s performance influenced by using the same number in different types: Int, Double and Float?
* What is the Java Heap?
* What is daemon thread?
* Can a dead thread be restarted?

Source: medium.

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- Building robust web apps using frameworks like Spring, Hibernate, and Struts.

4️⃣ Enterprise Applications:

- Ideal for large-scale business solutions like CRM, ERP systems, using Java EE.

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- Java’s precision and reliability make it suitable for scientific research and simulations.

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- Java is used for creating cross-platform games and 2D/3D game engines.

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- Supporting frameworks like Hadoop and Apache Kafka for data processing.

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- Simplifies tasks like inventory management and customer service applications.

9️⃣ Distributed Applications:

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Java Basics every beginner should learn to build a strong foundation:

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Install JDK and an IDE (like IntelliJ or Eclipse)

Write your first program: public class HelloWorld

2. Data Types & Variables

Primitive types: int, double, char, boolean

Non-primitive types: String, Arrays, Objects

Type casting (implicit & explicit)

3. Operators

Arithmetic: + - * / %

Comparison: == != > < >= <=

Logical: && || !

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If, else if, else

Switch-case

Loops: for, while, do-while

break and continue

5. Functions (Methods)

Syntax: public static returnType methodName(params)

Method overloading

Return types & parameter passing

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Classes & Objects

this keyword

Constructors (default & parameterized)

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Encapsulation (private variables + getters/setters)

Inheritance (extends keyword)

Polymorphism (method overriding)

Abstraction (abstract classes & interfaces)

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Declaring and iterating arrays

ArrayList methods: add, remove, get, size

Multidimensional arrays

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Try-catch-finally blocks

throw and throws

Custom exceptions

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Scanner class for user input

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