What is a deep copy?
Answer:
In Python, this is done using copy.deepcopy(), which creates a fully independent data structure, including nested lists, dictionaries, and other objects.
tags: #interview
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Tip for clean tests in Python:
Structure your tests with the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern to improve readability and maintainability.
β’ Arrange: Set up the test. Initialize objects, prepare data, and configure any mocks or stubs.
β’ Act: Execute the code being tested. Call the specific function or method.
β’ Assert: Check the outcome. Verify that the result of the action is what you expected.
#Python #Testing #CleanCode #SoftwareEngineering #Pytest #DeveloperTips #AAA
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By: @DataScienceQ β¨
Structure your tests with the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern to improve readability and maintainability.
β’ Arrange: Set up the test. Initialize objects, prepare data, and configure any mocks or stubs.
β’ Act: Execute the code being tested. Call the specific function or method.
β’ Assert: Check the outcome. Verify that the result of the action is what you expected.
import pytest
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
# Code to be tested
@dataclass
class Product:
name: str
price: float
@dataclass
class ShoppingCart:
items: list[Product] = field(default_factory=list)
def add_item(self, product: Product):
if product.price < 0:
raise ValueError("Product price cannot be negative.")
self.items.append(product)
def get_total_price(self) -> float:
return sum(item.price for item in self.items)
# Tests using the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
def test_get_total_price_for_multiple_items():
# Arrange
product1 = Product(name="Mouse", price=25.50)
product2 = Product(name="Keyboard", price=75.50)
cart = ShoppingCart()
cart.add_item(product1)
cart.add_item(product2)
# Act
total_price = cart.get_total_price()
# Assert
assert total_price == 101.00
def test_get_total_price_for_empty_cart():
# Arrange
cart = ShoppingCart()
# Act
total_price = cart.get_total_price()
# Assert
assert total_price == 0.0
def test_add_item_with_negative_price_raises_value_error():
# Arrange
cart = ShoppingCart()
product_with_negative_price = Product(name="Invalid Item", price=-50.0)
# Act & Assert
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Product price cannot be negative."):
cart.add_item(product_with_negative_price)
#Python #Testing #CleanCode #SoftwareEngineering #Pytest #DeveloperTips #AAA
βββββββββββββββ
By: @DataScienceQ β¨
Why does
list.sort() return None instead of the sorted list?Answer:
If a new sorted list is needed, the built-in sorted() function is used, which returns the result without changing the original.
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Are there generics in Python like in Java or C++?
Answer:
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300 Real Time SQL Interview.pdf
4.5 MB
300 Real Time SQL Interview practical Questions Asked at multiple companies
β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’
Anyone who's preparing for an interview just reading theoretical concept will not help definitely you need to have practical hands on in #sql so create table with some data and try this queries running by your self so can help you to understand the logic of similar kind of queries
If you're preparing for an interview this doc will help a lot in the perpetration If you're experienced also freshers can also get hands on by practicing these queries and get confidence.
β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’β’
Anyone who's preparing for an interview just reading theoretical concept will not help definitely you need to have practical hands on in #sql so create table with some data and try this queries running by your self so can help you to understand the logic of similar kind of queries
If you're preparing for an interview this doc will help a lot in the perpetration If you're experienced also freshers can also get hands on by practicing these queries and get confidence.
https://t.iss.one/DataScienceQ
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Forwarded from Python | Machine Learning | Coding | R
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Can you turn $100 into $5,000 in just 7 days?
Lisa can. And sheβs challenging YOU to do the same. π
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What do you know about NoSQL databases?
Answer:
These databases scale well horizontally: data is distributed across cluster nodes, which helps handle high loads and large volumes. Different storage models are supported β key-value, document, columnar, and graph. This allows choosing the appropriate structure for a specific task.
Common systems include MongoDB (documents), Cassandra (columns), Redis (key-value), and Neo4j (graphs). They are used where scalability, speed, and data flexibility are important.
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PyData Careers
Python Data Science jobs, interview tips, and career insights for aspiring professionals.
What does it mean that a QuerySet in Django is "lazy"?
Answer:
The actual database access happens only when the results are really needed: when iterating over the QuerySet, calling list(), count(), first(), exists(), and other methods that require data.
This approach helps avoid unnecessary database hits and improves performance β queries are executed only at the moment of real necessity.
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Forwarded from Python | Machine Learning | Coding | R
π THE 7-DAY PROFIT CHALLENGE! π
Can you turn $100 into $5,000 in just 7 days?
Lisa can. And sheβs challenging YOU to do the same. π
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
Can you turn $100 into $5,000 in just 7 days?
Lisa can. And sheβs challenging YOU to do the same. π
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
https://t.iss.one/+AOPQVJRWlJc5ZGRi
What is the difference between calling
start() and run() on threading.Thread?Answer:
If you call run() directly, it will execute in the current thread like a normal function β without creating a new thread and without parallelism.
This is the key difference: start() launches a separate execution thread, while run() just runs the code in the same thread.
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What does
nonlocal do and where can it be used?Answer:
This is often used in closures to maintain and update state between calls to the nested function.
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π Tricky Python Interview Question
> What will this code output and why?
βQuestion: Why are list1 and list3 the same?
π Explanation:
Default arguments in Python are evaluated once β at function definition, not at each call.
So lst=[] is created once and preserved between calls if you don't explicitly pass your own list.
π§ What happens:
- extend_list(10) β uses the shared list [], now it is [10]
- extend_list(123, []) β creates a new list [123]
- extend_list('a') β again uses the shared list β [10, 'a']
π Result:
β How to fix:
If you want a new list created by default on each call, do this:
This is a classic Python interview trap β mutable default arguments.
It tests if you understand how default values and memory scope work.
https://t.iss.one/DataScienceQβοΈ
> What will this code output and why?
def extend_list(val, lst=[]):
lst.append(val)
return lst
list1 = extend_list(10)
list2 = extend_list(123, [])
list3 = extend_list('a')
print(list1, list2, list3)
βQuestion: Why are list1 and list3 the same?
π Explanation:
Default arguments in Python are evaluated once β at function definition, not at each call.
So lst=[] is created once and preserved between calls if you don't explicitly pass your own list.
π§ What happens:
- extend_list(10) β uses the shared list [], now it is [10]
- extend_list(123, []) β creates a new list [123]
- extend_list('a') β again uses the shared list β [10, 'a']
π Result:
[10, 'a'] [123] [10, 'a']β How to fix:
If you want a new list created by default on each call, do this:
def extend_list(val, lst=None):
if lst is None:
lst = []
lst.append(val)
return lst
This is a classic Python interview trap β mutable default arguments.
It tests if you understand how default values and memory scope work.
https://t.iss.one/DataScienceQ
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