Python Data Science Jobs & Interviews
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Your go-to hub for Python and Data Science—featuring questions, answers, quizzes, and interview tips to sharpen your skills and boost your career in the data-driven world.

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By: @DataScienceQ
1
When an attribute is defined both in the instance and in the class, Python always takes the value from the instance.

The class attribute is used only if it is not present in the instance.

class Warehouse:
    purpose = "storage"
    region = "west"

w1 = Warehouse()
print(w1.purpose, w1.region)   # storage west

w2 = Warehouse()
w2.region = "east"
print(w2.purpose, w2.region)   # storage east


👉  @DataScienceQ
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Interview Question

What is a deep copy?

Answer: A deep copy is a complete duplication of an object along with all nested structures. Changes to the original do not affect the copy, and vice versa.

In Python, this is done using copy.deepcopy(), which creates a fully independent data structure, including nested lists, dictionaries, and other objects.


tags: #interview

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Tip for clean tests in Python:

Structure your tests with the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern to improve readability and maintainability.

Arrange: Set up the test. Initialize objects, prepare data, and configure any mocks or stubs.
Act: Execute the code being tested. Call the specific function or method.
Assert: Check the outcome. Verify that the result of the action is what you expected.

import pytest
from dataclasses import dataclass, field


# Code to be tested
@dataclass
class Product:
name: str
price: float


@dataclass
class ShoppingCart:
items: list[Product] = field(default_factory=list)

def add_item(self, product: Product):
if product.price < 0:
raise ValueError("Product price cannot be negative.")
self.items.append(product)

def get_total_price(self) -> float:
return sum(item.price for item in self.items)


# Tests using the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
def test_get_total_price_for_multiple_items():
# Arrange
product1 = Product(name="Mouse", price=25.50)
product2 = Product(name="Keyboard", price=75.50)
cart = ShoppingCart()
cart.add_item(product1)
cart.add_item(product2)

# Act
total_price = cart.get_total_price()

# Assert
assert total_price == 101.00


def test_get_total_price_for_empty_cart():
# Arrange
cart = ShoppingCart()

# Act
total_price = cart.get_total_price()

# Assert
assert total_price == 0.0


def test_add_item_with_negative_price_raises_value_error():
# Arrange
cart = ShoppingCart()
product_with_negative_price = Product(name="Invalid Item", price=-50.0)

# Act & Assert
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Product price cannot be negative."):
cart.add_item(product_with_negative_price)


#Python #Testing #CleanCode #SoftwareEngineering #Pytest #DeveloperTips #AAA

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By: @DataScienceQ
Interview Question

Why does list.sort() return None instead of the sorted list?

Answer: The list.sort() method modifies the list in place and intentionally returns None to clearly indicate that the sorting was done but no new list was created. This prevents confusion between modifying the object and creating its copy.

If a new sorted list is needed, the built-in sorted() function is used, which returns the result without changing the original.


tags: #interview

@DataScienceQ
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Hello! How can I assist you today?

By: @DataScienceQ 🚀
2
Interview Question

Are there generics in Python like in Java or C++?

Answer: Yes, but only at the annotation level. Since Python 3.5, generic types (List[T], Dict[K, V]) have appeared through the typing module, but they are intended for static checking and do not affect the program's behavior at runtime.

tags: #interview

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300 Real Time SQL Interview.pdf
4.5 MB
300 Real Time SQL Interview practical Questions Asked at multiple companies
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Anyone who's preparing for an interview just reading theoretical concept will not help definitely you need to have practical hands on in #sql so create table with some data and try this queries running by your self so can help you to understand the logic of similar kind of queries

If you're preparing for an interview this doc will help a lot in the perpetration If you're experienced also freshers can also get hands on by practicing these queries and get confidence.


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3
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2
Interview Question

What do you know about NoSQL databases?

Answer: NoSQL databases do not use a rigid tabular model and work with more flexible data structures. They do not require a fixed schema, so different records can have different sets of fields.

These databases scale well horizontally: data is distributed across cluster nodes, which helps handle high loads and large volumes. Different storage models are supported — key-value, document, columnar, and graph. This allows choosing the appropriate structure for a specific task.

Common systems include MongoDB (documents), Cassandra (columns), Redis (key-value), and Neo4j (graphs). They are used where scalability, speed, and data flexibility are important.


tags: #interview

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Interview Question

What does it mean that a QuerySet in Django is "lazy"?

Answer: "Lazy" QuerySet means that Django does not make a database query at the moment of creating the QuerySet. When you call .filter(), .exclude(), .all(), etc., the query itself is not executed yet — only an object describing the future SQL is created.

The actual database access happens only when the results are really needed: when iterating over the QuerySet, calling list(), count(), first(), exists(), and other methods that require data.

This approach helps avoid unnecessary database hits and improves performance — queries are executed only at the moment of real necessity.


tags: #interview

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