🧠 What is a Generator in Python?
A generator is a special type of iterator that produces values lazily—one at a time, and only when needed—without storing them all in memory.

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❓ How do you create a generator?
✅ Correct answer:
Option 1: Use the yield keyword inside a function.

🔥 Simple example:

def countdown(n):
    while n > 0:
        yield n
        n -= 1

When you call this function:

gen = countdown(3)
print(next(gen))  # 3
print(next(gen))  # 2
print(next(gen))  # 1

Each time you call next(), the function resumes from where it left off, runs until it hits yield, returns a value, and pauses again.

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⛔ Why are the other options incorrect?

- Option 2 (class with __iter__ and __next__):
It works, but it’s more complex. Using yield is simpler and more Pythonic.

- Options 3 & 4 (for or while loops):
Loops are not generators themselves. They just iterate over iterables.

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💡 Pro Tip:
Generators are perfect when working with large or infinite datasets. They’re memory-efficient, fast, and clean to write.

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🎯 Python Quick Quiz – OOP Edition
💡 _What is the primary use of the __init__ method in a Python class?_

🔘 Option 1: Initializing class attributes ✅
🔘 Option 2: Defining class methods
🔘 Option 3: Inheriting from a superclass
🔘 Option 4: Handling exceptions

🧠 Correct Answer: Option 1
📌 The init method is a special method used to initialize the object’s attributes when a class is instantiated. It's like a constructor in other programming languages.

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

john = Person("John", 25)
print(john.name)  # Output: John

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🔄 How to define a class variable shared among all instances of a class in Python?

In Python, if you want to define a variable that is shared across all instances of a class, you should define it outside of any method but inside the class — this is called a class variable.

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✅ Correct answer to the question:

> How would you define a class variable that is shared among all instances of a class in Python?

🟢 Option 2: Outside of any method at the class level

---

🔍 Let’s review the other options:

🔴 Option 1: Inside the constructor method using self
This creates an instance variable, specific to each object, not shared.

🔴 Option 3: As a local variable inside a method
Local variables are temporary and only exist inside the method scope.

🔴 Option 4: As a global variable outside the class
Global variables are shared across the entire program, not specific to class instances.

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🚗 Simple Example: Class Variable in Action

class Car:
    wheels = 4  # ✅ class variable, shared across all instances

    def __init__(self, brand, color):
        self.brand = brand  # instance variable
        self.color = color  # instance variable

car1 = Car("Toyota", "Red")
car2 = Car("BMW", "Blue")

print(Car.wheels)   # Output: 4
print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 4
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 4

Car.wheels = 6  # changing the class variable

print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 6
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 6

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💡 Key Takeaways:
- self. creates instance variables → unique to each object.
- Class-level variables (outside methods) are shared across all instances.
- Perfect for shared attributes like constants, counters, or shared settings.



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🚀 How to Call a Parent Class Method from a Child Class in Python?

Let's dive in and answer this popular interview-style question! 👨‍💻👩‍💻

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🔥 Question:
How can you call a method of the parent class from within a method of a child class?

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✅ Correct Answer:
Option 1: Using the super() function

👉 Why?
- In Python, super() is the standard way to access methods and properties of a parent class from inside a child class.
- It's clean, elegant, and also supports multiple inheritance properly.

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✅ Quick Example:

class Parent:
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from Parent!")

class Child(Parent):
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from Child!")
        super().greet()  # Calling parent class method

# Create an instance
child = Child()
child.greet()

🛠 Output:

Hello from Child!
Hello from Parent!

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🔥 Let's Review Other Options:
- Option 2: Directly calling parent method (like Parent.greet(self)) is possible but not recommended. It tightly couples the child to a specific parent class name.
- Option 3: Creating an instance of the parent class is incorrect; you should not create a new parent object.
- Option 4: parent_method() syntax without reference is invalid.

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🎯 Conclusion:
✅ Always use super() inside child classes to call parent class methods — it's the Pythonic way! 🐍✨

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🔥 Simple Explanation:
- In Python, we use the class keyword to define any class (whether it's a base class or a child class).
- There’s no keyword like inherit, superclass, or parent in Python.
- inherit means "to inherit," but it's not a Python keyword.
- superclass and parent are just concepts, not keywords.

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✅ A Simple Example:

class Animal:
    pass

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

🔹 Here:
- Animal is a base class (or parent class).
- Dog is a child class that inherits from Animal.

And for both, the class keyword is used! 🎯

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🎯 Conclusion:
✅ So, always use class to define any class in Python (whether it's a parent or child class).

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