class Person:
def init(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

# Creating an instance of the Person class
person1 = Person("Alice", 30)

# Accessing the initialized attributes
print("Name:", person1.name) # Output: Alice
print("Age:", person1.age) # Output: 30

class Point:
def init(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y

def str(self):
return f"Point({self.x}, {self.y})"

# Creating an instance of the Point class
p = Point(3, 4)

# Printing the instance as a string
print(str(p)) # Output: Point(3, 4)

class Team:
def init(self, members):
self.members = members

def len(self):
return len(self.members)

# Creating an instance of the Team class
team = Team(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David'])

# Using the len() function on the instance
print(len(team)) # Output: 4

class Circle:
def init(self, radius):
self._radius = radius

@property
def radius(self):
"""Getter method for radius."""
return self._radius

@radius.setter
def radius(self, value):
"""Setter method for radius."""
if value <= 0:
raise ValueError("Radius must be positive")
self._radius = value

@property
def area(self):
"""Compute the area of the circle."""
return 3.14 * self._radius * self._radius

# Creating an instance of the Circle class
circle = Circle(5)

# Accessing the radius attribute using the property
print(circle.radius) # Output: 5

# Setting a new radius using the property
circle.radius = 7
print(circle.radius) # Output: 7

# Trying to set an invalid radius (should raise an error)
circle.radius = -2 # Raises ValueError: Radius must be positive

# Accessing the area attribute using the property
print(circle.area) # Output: 153.86

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

# Define an abstract base class using ABC
class Shape(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def area(self):
pass

@abstractmethod
def perimeter(self):
pass

# Concrete subclass Circle inheriting from Shape
class Circle(Shape):
def init(self, radius):
self.radius = radius

def area(self):
return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius

def perimeter(self):
return 2 * 3.14 * self.radius

# Concrete subclass Rectangle inheriting from Shape
class Rectangle(Shape):
def init(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height

def area(self):
return self.width * self.height

def perimeter(self):
return 2 * (self.width + self.height)

# Attempting to instantiate Shape directly will raise TypeError
try:
s = Shape()
except TypeError as e:
print(f"TypeError: {e}")

# Instantiate Circle and Rectangle objects
circle = Circle(5)
rectangle = Rectangle(4, 6)

# Calculate and print area and perimeter of Circle and Rectangle
print(f"Circle - Area: {circle.area()}, Perimeter: {circle.perimeter()}")
print(f"Rectangle - Area: {rectangle.area()}, Perimeter: {rectangle.perimeter()}")

class Person:
def init(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

# Create an instance of the Person class
person = Person('Alice', 30)

# Using getattr to dynamically retrieve attributes
name = getattr(person, 'name')
age = getattr(person, 'age')
city = getattr(person, 'city', 'Unknown') # Providing a default value if attribute doesn't exist

print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Age: {age}")
print(f"City: {city}")