A bit of basics. Day 3: Calendar in Python

There is a built-in module in Python called calendar. We can import this module to display the calendar. There are many things you can do with the calendar.

Let's say we want to see the calendar for April 2022. We use the month class from the calendar module and pass the year and month as arguments. See below:

import calendar

month = calendar.month(2022, 4)
print(month)

There are many other things you can do with calendar. For example, you can use it to check whether a given year is a leap year or not. Let's check if 2022 is a leap year.

import calendar

month = calendar.isleap(2022)
print(month)

False

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A bit of Python basics. Day 4: Getting the current time and date

The code below shows how to get the current time using the datetime module. The now() method returns a datetime object representing the current date and time according to the system clock. The strftime() method formats the time for the desired output. This code shows how to use the datetime module together with the strftime() method to get a formatted time string in the format of hours, minutes, and seconds.

from datetime import datetime

time_now = datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')
print(f'Current time: {time_now}')

Current time: 17:37:28

What if we want to return today's date? We can use date from the datetime module. Below, the today() method is used:

from datetime import date

today_date = date.today()
print(today_date)

2023-09-20

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A bit of Python basics. Day 6 - Exchanging variable values

In Python, you can swap variables after they have already been assigned objects. Below, we first assign 20 to the variable x and 30 to the variable y, and then swap them: x becomes 30, and y becomes 20. This method is called tuple packing/unpacking.

x, y = 20, 30
x, y = y, x

print('x is: ', x)
print('y is: ', y)

x is 30
y is 20

You can also use the XOR (exclusive or) operator to swap variables. This is a three-step method. In the example below, we swap the values of x and y.

x = 20
y = 30

# step one
x ^= y
# step two
y ^= x
# step three
x ^= y

print(f'x is: {x}')
print(f'y is: {y}')

x is: 30
y is: 20

You can also use arithmetic operations (addition and subtraction) to swap variables without a temporary variable. However, this method is recommended for swapping numeric data types. Here's an example:

# Use arithmetic operations
x = 5
y = 10

x = x + y
y = x - y
x = x - y

print("After swapping:")
print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)

After swapping:
x = 10
y = 5

As a result of these arithmetic operations, the values of x and y have actually been swapped. After the swap, x contains the original value of y (10), and y contains the original value of x (5).

This method of swapping variables without a temporary variable is based on the fact that when you add or subtract the value of one variable from another, you can effectively swap their values without the need for additional storage.

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