Topic: 33 Important PHP Questions for Beginners (with Answers)

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1. What does PHP stand for?
Answer: PHP stands for *PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor*.

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2. What is PHP used for?
Answer: PHP is used to create dynamic web pages and server-side applications.

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3. How do you declare a variable in PHP?
Answer: Variables in PHP start with a $ sign, e.g., $name = "Ali";.

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4. Is PHP case-sensitive?
Answer: Function names are not case-sensitive, but variables are.

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5. What is the difference between `echo` and `print`?
Answer: Both output data. echo is faster and can output multiple strings, while print returns 1.

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6. How do you write comments in PHP?
Answer:

// Single line  
# Another single line  
/* Multi-line */

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7. How do you create a function in PHP?
Answer:

function greet() {
  echo "Hello!";
}

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8. What are the different data types in PHP?
Answer: String, Integer, Float, Boolean, Array, Object, NULL, Resource.

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9. How can you connect PHP to a MySQL database?
Answer: Using mysqli_connect() or new mysqli().

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10. What is a session in PHP?
Answer: A session stores user data on the server across multiple pages.

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11. How do you start a session?
Answer: session_start();

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12. How do you set a cookie in PHP?
Answer: setcookie("name", "value", time()+3600);

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13. How can you check if a variable is set?
Answer: isset($variable);

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14. What is `$_POST` and `$_GET`?
Answer: Superglobals used to collect form data sent via POST or GET methods.

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15. How do you include a file in PHP?
Answer:

include "file.php";  
require "file.php";

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16. Difference between `include` and `require`?
Answer: require will cause a fatal error if the file is missing; include will only raise a warning.

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17. How do you loop through an array?
Answer:

foreach ($array as $value) {
  echo $value;
}

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18. How to define an associative array?
Answer:

$person = ["name" => "Ali", "age" => 25];

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19. What are superglobals in PHP?
Answer: Predefined variables like $_GET, $_POST, $_SESSION, etc.

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20. What is the use of `isset()` and `empty()`?
Answer:
• isset() checks if a variable is set and not null.
• empty() checks if a variable is empty.

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21. How to check if a file exists?
Answer: file_exists("filename.txt");

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22. How to upload a file in PHP?
Answer: Use $_FILES and move_uploaded_file().

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23. What is a constructor in PHP?
Answer: A special method __construct() that runs when an object is created.

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24. What is OOP in PHP?
Answer: Object-Oriented Programming using classes, objects, inheritance, etc.

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25. What are magic constants in PHP?
Answer: Built-in constants like __LINE__, __FILE__, __DIR__.

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26. How to handle errors in PHP?
Answer: Using try...catch, error_reporting(), and set_error_handler().

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27. What is the difference between `==` and `===`?
Answer:
• == checks value only.
• === checks value and type.

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28. How to redirect a user in PHP?
Answer:

header("Location: page.php");

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29. How to sanitize user input?
Answer: Use htmlspecialchars(), strip_tags(), trim().

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30. How do you close a MySQL connection?
Answer: $conn->close();

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31. What is `explode()` in PHP?
Answer: Splits a string into an array using a delimiter.

explode(",", "one,two,three");

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32. How do you hash passwords in PHP?
Answer:

password_hash("123456", PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

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33. What version of PHP should you use?
Answer: Always use the latest stable version (e.g., PHP 8.2+) for performance and security.

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