🚀 Comprehensive Guide: How to Prepare for a Graph Neural Networks (GNN) Job Interview – 350 Most Common Interview Questions

Read: https://hackmd.io/@husseinsheikho/GNN-interview

#GNN #GraphNeuralNetworks #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #AI #DataScience #PyTorchGeometric #DGL #NodeClassification #LinkPrediction #GraphML

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🤖🧠 The Little Book of Deep Learning – A Complete Summary and Chapter-Wise Overview

🗓️ 08 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

In the ever-evolving world of Artificial Intelligence, deep learning continues to be the driving force behind breakthroughs in computer vision, speech recognition and natural language processing. For those seeking a clear, structured and accessible guide to understanding how deep learning really works, “The Little Book of Deep Learning” by François Fleuret is a gem. This ...

#DeepLearning #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #NeuralNetworks #AIGuides #FrancoisFleuret

🤖🧠 Build a Large Language Model From Scratch: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating LLMs

🗓️ 08 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI). From ChatGPT and Claude to Llama and Mistral, these models power the conversational systems, copilots, and generative tools that dominate today’s AI landscape. However, for most developers and learners, the inner workings of these systems remain a mystery until now. ...

#LargeLanguageModels #LLM #ArtificialIntelligence #DeepLearning #MachineLearning #AIGuides

🤖🧠 Mastering Large Language Models: Top #1 Complete Guide to Maxime Labonne’s LLM Course

🗓️ 22 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have become the foundation of modern AI innovation powering tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and countless enterprise AI applications. However, building, fine-tuning and deploying these models require deep technical understanding and hands-on expertise. To bridge this knowledge gap, Maxime Labonne, a leading AI ...

#LLM #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #AIEngineering #LargeLanguageModels

🤖🧠 The Ultimate #1 Collection of AI Books In Awesome-AI-Books Repository

🗓️ 22 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. From powering self-driving cars to enabling advanced conversational AI like ChatGPT, AI is redefining how humans interact with machines. However, mastering AI requires a strong foundation in theory, mathematics, programming and hands-on experimentation. For enthusiasts, students and professionals seeking ...

#ArtificialIntelligence #AIBooks #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #AIResources #TechBooks

🤖🧠 Master Machine Learning: Explore the Ultimate “Machine-Learning-Tutorials” Repository

🗓️ 23 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

In today’s data-driven world, Machine Learning (ML) has become the cornerstone of modern technology from intelligent chatbots to predictive analytics and recommendation systems. However, mastering ML isn’t just about coding, it requires a structured understanding of algorithms, statistics, optimization techniques and real-world problem-solving. That’s where Ujjwal Karn’s Machine-Learning-Tutorials GitHub repository stands out. This open-source, topic-wise ...

#MachineLearning #MLTutorials #ArtificialIntelligence #DataScience #OpenSource #AIEducation

In Python, NumPy is the cornerstone of scientific computing, offering high-performance multidimensional arrays and tools for working with them—critical for data science interviews and real-world applications! 📊

import numpy as np

# Array Creation - The foundation of NumPy
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
zeros = np.zeros((2, 3))        # 2x3 matrix of zeros
ones = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=int)  # Integer matrix
arange = np.arange(0, 10, 2)    # [0 2 4 6 8]
linspace = np.linspace(0, 1, 5) # [0.  0.25 0.5  0.75 1.  ]
print(linspace)

# Array Attributes - Master your data's structure
matrix = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(matrix.shape)  # Output: (2, 3)
print(matrix.ndim)   # Output: 2
print(matrix.dtype)  # Output: int64
print(matrix.size)   # Output: 6

# Indexing & Slicing - Precision data access
data = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
print(data[1, 2])      # Output: 6 (row 1, col 2)
print(data[0:2, 1:3])  # Output: [[2 3], [5 6]]
print(data[:, -1])     # Output: [3 6 9] (last column)

# Reshaping Arrays - Transform dimensions effortlessly
flat = np.arange(6)
reshaped = flat.reshape(2, 3)
raveled = reshaped.ravel()
print(reshaped)
# Output: [[0 1 2], [3 4 5]]
print(raveled)  # Output: [0 1 2 3 4 5]

# Stacking Arrays - Combine datasets vertically/horizontally
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
print(np.vstack((a, b)))  # Vertical stack
# Output: [[1 2 3], [4 5 6]]
print(np.hstack((a, b)))  # Horizontal stack
# Output: [1 2 3 4 5 6]

# Mathematical Operations - Vectorized calculations
x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([4, 5, 6])
print(x + y)       # Output: [5 7 9]
print(x * 2)       # Output: [2 4 6]
print(np.dot(x, y)) # Output: 32 (1*4 + 2*5 + 3*6)

# Broadcasting Magic - Operate on mismatched shapes
matrix = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
scalar = 10
print(matrix + scalar)
# Output: [[11 12 13], [14 15 16]]

# Aggregation Functions - Statistical power in one line
values = np.array([1, 5, 3, 9, 7])
print(np.sum(values))   # Output: 25
print(np.mean(values))  # Output: 5.0
print(np.max(values))   # Output: 9
print(np.std(values))   # Output: 2.8284271247461903

# Boolean Masking - Filter data like a pro
temperatures = np.array([18, 25, 12, 30, 22])
hot_days = temperatures > 24
print(temperatures[hot_days])  # Output: [25 30]

# Random Number Generation - Simulate real-world data
print(np.random.rand(2, 2))      # Uniform distribution
print(np.random.randn(3))        # Normal distribution
print(np.random.randint(0, 10, (2, 3)))  # Random integers

# Linear Algebra Essentials - Solve equations like a physicist
A = np.array([[3, 1], [1, 2]])
b = np.array([9, 8])
x = np.linalg.solve(A, b)
print(x)  # Output: [2. 3.] (Solution to 3x+y=9 and x+2y=8)

# Matrix inverse and determinant
print(np.linalg.inv(A))   # Output: [[ 0.4 -0.2], [-0.2  0.6]]
print(np.linalg.det(A))   # Output: 5.0

# File Operations - Save/load your computational work
data = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
np.save('array.npy', data)
loaded = np.load('array.npy')
print(np.array_equal(data, loaded))  # Output: True

# Interview Power Move: Vectorization vs Loops
# 10x faster than native Python loops!
def square_sum(n):
    arr = np.arange(n)
    return np.sum(arr ** 2)

print(square_sum(5))  # Output: 30 (0²+1²+2²+3²+4²)

# Pro Tip: Memory-efficient data processing
# Process 1GB array without loading entire dataset
large_array = np.memmap('large_data.bin', dtype='float32', mode='r', shape=(1000000, 100))
print(large_array[0:5, 0:3])  # Process small slice

By: @DataScienceQ 🚀

#Python #NumPy #DataScience #CodingInterview #MachineLearning #ScientificComputing #DataAnalysis #Programming #TechJobs #DeveloperTips

🤖🧠 AI Projects : A Comprehensive Showcase of Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Generative AI

🗓️ 27 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries across the globe, driving innovation through automation, data-driven insights and intelligent decision-making. Whether it’s predicting house prices, detecting diseases or building conversational chatbots, AI is at the core of modern digital solutions. The AI Project Gallery by Hema Kalyan Murapaka is an exceptional GitHub repository that curates a wide ...

#AI #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #GenerativeAI #ArtificialIntelligence #GitHub

In Python, image processing unlocks powerful capabilities for computer vision, data augmentation, and automation—master these techniques to excel in ML engineering interviews and real-world applications! 🖼 

# PIL/Pillow Basics - The essential image library
from PIL import Image

# Open and display image
img = Image.open("input.jpg")
img.show()

# Convert formats
img.save("output.png")
img.convert("L").save("grayscale.jpg")  # RGB to grayscale

# Basic transformations
img.rotate(90).save("rotated.jpg")
img.resize((300, 300)).save("resized.jpg")
img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).save("mirrored.jpg")

more explain: https://hackmd.io/@husseinsheikho/imageprocessing

#Python #ImageProcessing #ComputerVision #Pillow #OpenCV #MachineLearning #CodingInterview #DataScience #Programming #TechJobs #DeveloperTips #AI #DeepLearning #CloudComputing #Docker #BackendDevelopment #SoftwareEngineering #CareerGrowth #TechTips #Python3

🤖🧠 MLOps Basics: A Complete Guide to Building, Deploying and Monitoring Machine Learning Models

🗓️ 30 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

Machine Learning models are powerful but building them is only half the story. The true challenge lies in deploying, scaling and maintaining these models in production environments – a process that requires collaboration between data scientists, developers and operations teams. This is where MLOps (Machine Learning Operations) comes in. MLOps combines the principles of DevOps ...

#MLOps #MachineLearning #DevOps #ModelDeployment #DataScience #ProductionAI

🤖🧠 MiniMax-M2: The Open-Source Revolution Powering Coding and Agentic Intelligence

🗓️ 30 Oct 2025
📚 AI News & Trends

Artificial intelligence is evolving faster than ever, but not every innovation needs to be enormous to make an impact. MiniMax-M2, the latest release from MiniMax-AI, demonstrates that efficiency and power can coexist within a streamlined framework. MiniMax-M2 is an open-source Mixture of Experts (MoE) model designed for coding tasks, multi-agent collaboration and automation workflows. With ...

#MiniMaxM2 #OpenSource #MachineLearning #CodingAI #AgenticIntelligence #MixtureOfExperts

💡 Keras: Building Neural Networks Simply

Keras is a high-level deep learning API, now part of TensorFlow, designed for fast and easy experimentation. This guide covers the fundamental workflow: defining, compiling, training, and using a neural network model.

from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers

# Define a Sequential model
model = keras.Sequential([
    # Input layer with 64 neurons, expecting flat input data
    layers.Dense(64, activation="relu", input_shape=(784,)),
    # A hidden layer with 32 neurons
    layers.Dense(32, activation="relu"),
    # Output layer with 10 neurons for 10-class classification
    layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax")
])

model.summary()

• Model Definition: keras.Sequential creates a simple, layer-by-layer model.
• layers.Dense is a standard fully-connected layer. The first layer must specify the input_shape.
• activation functions like "relu" introduce non-linearity, while "softmax" is used on the output layer for multi-class classification to produce probabilities.

# (Continuing from the previous step)
model.compile(
    optimizer='adam',
    loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
    metrics=['accuracy']
)

print("Model compiled successfully.")

• Compilation: .compile() configures the model for training.
• optimizer is the algorithm used to update the model's weights (e.g., 'adam' is a popular choice).
• loss is the function the model tries to minimize during training. sparse_categorical_crossentropy is common for integer-based classification labels.
• metrics are used to monitor the training and testing steps. Here, we track accuracy.

import numpy as np

# Create dummy training data
x_train = np.random.random((1000, 784))
y_train = np.random.randint(10, size=(1000,))

# Train the model
history = model.fit(
    x_train,
    y_train,
    epochs=5,
    batch_size=32,
    verbose=0 # Hides the progress bar for a cleaner output
)

print(f"Training complete. Final accuracy: {history.history['accuracy'][-1]:.4f}")
# Output (will vary):
# Training complete. Final accuracy: 0.4570

• Training: The .fit() method trains the model on your data.
• x_train and y_train are your input features and target labels.
• epochs defines how many times the model will see the entire dataset.
• batch_size is the number of samples processed before the model is updated.

# Create a single dummy sample to test
x_test = np.random.random((1, 784))

# Get the model's prediction
predictions = model.predict(x_test)
predicted_class = np.argmax(predictions[0])

print(f"Predicted class: {predicted_class}")
print(f"Confidence scores: {predictions[0].round(2)}")
# Output (will vary):
# Predicted class: 3
# Confidence scores: [0.09 0.1  0.1  0.12 0.1  0.09 0.11 0.1  0.09 0.1 ]

• Prediction: .predict() is used to make predictions on new, unseen data.
• For a classification model with a softmax output, this returns an array of probabilities for each class.
• np.argmax() is used to find the index (the class) with the highest probability score.

#Keras #TensorFlow #DeepLearning #MachineLearning #Python

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
By: @CodeProgrammer ✨

#NLP #Lesson #SentimentAnalysis #MachineLearning

Building an NLP Model from Scratch: Sentiment Analysis

This lesson will guide you through creating a complete Natural Language Processing (NLP) project. We will build a sentiment analysis classifier that can determine if a piece of text is positive or negative.

---

Step 1: Setup and Data Preparation

First, we need to import the necessary libraries and prepare our dataset. For simplicity, we'll use a small, hard-coded list of sentences. In a real-world project, you would load this data from a file (e.g., a CSV).

#Python #DataPreparation

# Imports and Data
import re
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, classification_report
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords

# You may need to download stopwords for the first time
# nltk.download('stopwords')

# Sample Data (In a real project, load this from a file)
texts = [
    "I love this movie, it's fantastic!",
    "This was a terrible film.",
    "The acting was superb and the plot was great.",
    "I would not recommend this to anyone.",
    "It was an okay movie, not the best but enjoyable.",
    "Absolutely brilliant, a must-see!",
    "A complete waste of time and money.",
    "The story was compelling and engaging."
]
# Labels: 1 for Positive, 0 for Negative
labels = [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1]

---

Step 2: Text Preprocessing

Computers don't understand words, so we must clean and process our text data first. This involves making text lowercase, removing punctuation, and filtering out common "stop words" (like 'the', 'a', 'is') that don't add much meaning.

#TextPreprocessing #DataCleaning

# Text Preprocessing Function
stop_words = set(stopwords.words('english'))

def preprocess_text(text):
    # Make text lowercase
    text = text.lower()
    # Remove punctuation
    text = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]', '', text)
    # Tokenize and remove stopwords
    tokens = text.split()
    filtered_tokens = [word for word in tokens if word not in stop_words]
    return " ".join(filtered_tokens)

# Apply preprocessing to our dataset
processed_texts = [preprocess_text(text) for text in texts]
print("--- Original vs. Processed ---")
for i in range(3):
    print(f"Original: {texts[i]}")
    print(f"Processed: {processed_texts[i]}\n")

---

Step 3: Splitting the Data

We must split our data into a training set (to teach the model) and a testing set (to evaluate its performance on unseen data).

#MachineLearning #TrainTestSplit

# Splitting data into training and testing sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
    processed_texts, 
    labels, 
    test_size=0.25, # Use 25% of data for testing
    random_state=42 # for reproducibility
)

print(f"Training samples: {len(X_train)}")
print(f"Testing samples: {len(X_test)}")

---

Step 4: Feature Extraction (Vectorization)

We need to convert our cleaned text into a numerical format. We'll use TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency). This technique converts text into vectors of numbers, giving more weight to words that are important to a document but not common across all documents.

#FeatureEngineering #TFIDF #Vectorization