📚 "Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models" is a new open-access book from Springer, written by Chengqing Zong, Yang Zhao, and Yanjun Ma.

It's almost 400 pages long and provides an introduction to modern natural language processing and large language models.

Inside, you'll find information on: neural networks, distributed representations, language models, Transformers, BERT, GPT, tokenization, sentiment analysis, information extraction, text summarization, natural language understanding, machine translation, question answering, and RLHF.

In my opinion, this is a good reference guide for those who want to understand these topics without a very high barrier to entry. I would recommend it. ✨

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-92-0682-7

#NLP #LLM #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #DataScience #TechBooks

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Tensor Algebra: A Small Concept That Has a Big Impact in AI 🧠

One thing I realized while learning deep learning is that tensors are everywhere. Whether you're working with TensorFlow, PyTorch, or building transformer models, almost everything revolves around tensor operations.

Although we often think of tensors as multi-dimensional arrays in machine learning, they're the structures that allow neural networks to efficiently represent and process complex data.

Here's a quick summary:
- Scalar (Rank 0): A single value
- Vector (Rank 1): A one-dimensional collection of values
- Matrix (Rank 2): A two-dimensional arrangement of values
- Tensor (Rank 3 or higher): A higher-dimensional representation used to model complex data

A few places where tensors show up every day:
- Images are represented as 3D tensors (Height × Width × Channels).
- Mini-batches become 4D tensors during model training.
- Transformer models process embeddings, attention scores, and hidden states as tensors throughout the network.
- Operations like matrix multiplication, broadcasting, reshaping, tensor contraction, and automatic differentiation power modern deep learning.

I created the infographic below as a simple visual reference while revisiting tensor algebra. I hope it's helpful for anyone learning deep learning or refreshing the fundamentals.

I'm curious. How did you first learn about tensors?
- Through mathematics?
- While using TensorFlow or PyTorch?
- During your first deep learning project?
- Or was there another resource that made the concept finally click?

I'd love to hear your experience and any resources you'd recommend for beginners. Looking forward to learning from your experiences and recommendations.

#DeepLearning #TensorFlow #PyTorch #AI #MachineLearning #Tensors

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