from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def atomic():
    print('BEGIN')

    try:
        yield
    except Exception:
        print('ROLLBACK')
    else:
        print('COMMIT')

In : with atomic():
...:     print('ERROR')
...:     raise RuntimeError()
...:
BEGIN
ERROR
ROLLBACK

In : @atomic()
...: def ok():
...:     print('OK')
...:
In : ok()
...:
BEGIN
OK
COMMIT

l=[['a', 'b', 'c'], ['1', '2'], ['#']]
sum(l, [])

class Cycle:
    def __init__(self, lst):
        self._lst = lst

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self._lst[index % len(self._lst)]

print(Cycle(['a', 'b', 'c'])[100])  # prints 'b'

In : class Inspector:
...:     def __getitem__(self, index):
...:         print(index)
...:
In : Inspector()[1]
1
In : Inspector()[1:2]
slice(1, 2, None)
In : Inspector()[1:2:3]
slice(1, 2, 3)
In : Inspector()[:]
slice(None, None, None)

In : Inspector()[:, 0, :]
(slice(None, None, None), 0, slice(None, None, None))

In : s = slice(1, 2, 3)
In : s.start
Out: 1
In : s.stop
Out: 2
In : s.step
Out: 3

with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    data = file.read()

import time
 
class Timer:
    def __enter__(self):
        self.start = time.time()
 
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.end = time.time()
        print(f'Время выполнения: {self.end - self.start:.2f} секунд')
 
with Timer():
    # код, время выполнения которого нужно измерить
    time.sleep(2)

   from functools import partial

   def multiply(x, y):
       return x * y

   double = partial(multiply, 2)
   print(double(5))  # Вывод: 10
   

   from functools import reduce

   numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
   product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers)
   print(product)  # Вывод: 24
   

   from functools import lru_cache

   @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
   def fibonacci(n):
       if n < 2:
           return n
       return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

   print(fibonacci(10))  # Вывод: 55
   

   from functools import wraps

   def my_decorator(func):
       @wraps(func)
       def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
           print("Что-то делаем перед вызовом функции")
           return func(*args, **kwargs)
       return wrapper

   @my_decorator
   def say_hello():
       """Выводит приветствие."""
       print("Привет!")

   print(say_hello.__name__)  # Вывод: say_hello
   print(say_hello.__doc__)   # Вывод: Выводит приветствие.
   

   from functools import total_ordering

   @total_ordering
   class Point:
       def __init__(self, x, y):
           self.x = x
           self.y = y

       def __eq__(self, other):
           return (self.x, self.y) == (other.x, other.y)

       def __lt__(self, other):
           return (self.x, self.y) < (other.x, other.y)

   p1 = Point(1, 2)
   p2 = Point(3, 4)
   print(p1 < p2)  # Вывод: True
   print(p1 <= p2)  # Вывод: True