SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) and Microarray are important techniques in biological research for analyzing gene expression patterns. SAGE involves extracting short sequence tags from mRNA, which are then concatenated and sequenced to quantify…

A metabolic network in a biological cell system represents the complex web of biochemical reactions through which cells convert nutrients into energy and essential biomolecules. These networks, composed of enzymes, metabolites, and pathways, are categorized…

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized numerous fields with their impressive performance on a variety of natural language processing tasks. However, their application in biomedical research remains controversial due to their well-documented…